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U.S. Stocks Edge Higher Amid Weekly Declines and Economic Uncertainty

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U.S. stocks saw modest gains on Friday, though all three major indexes—the Dow Jones Industrial Average, S&P 500, and Nasdaq—remained on track for small weekly losses. This movement followed a turbulent start to the week, driven by fears of a potential recession and the unwinding of a global yen-funded carry trade. Despite recent rallies, Wall Street was unable to fully recover from Monday’s steep decline.

The technology sector led the day’s gains, yet both the S&P 500 and Nasdaq were poised for a fourth consecutive week of losses. Meanwhile, the Cboe Volatility Index (VIX), often referred to as Wall Street’s “fear gauge,” decreased on Friday after spiking to 65.73 earlier in the week.

Monday’s market drop was largely attributed to last week’s sharp sell-off, which was triggered by a disappointing July jobs report that fueled recession concerns. These worries were exacerbated by the Bank of Japan’s interest rate hike on July 31, which resulted in a significant appreciation of the yen, a currency often used in carry trade investments. This led investors to unwind their positions, contributing to market instability.

Market participants remain on edge as they anticipate further uncertainty in the coming weeks, particularly in the lead-up to the Federal Reserve’s next policy meeting on September 17-18. Current market sentiment, as reflected in the CME Group’s FedWatch Tool, suggests a 55% chance that the Fed will reduce interest rates by 50 basis points, with a 25 basis point cut seen as having a 45% probability.

On the day, the Dow Jones Industrial Average rose by 27.13 points (0.07%) to 39,473.62, the S&P 500 gained 21.67 points (0.41%) to 5,340.98, and the Nasdaq Composite added 72.48 points (0.44%) to close at 16,732.50.

Investors are now looking ahead to next week’s reports on U.S. consumer prices and retail sales for July, which could provide further insights into the likelihood of a soft landing for the U.S. economy. On Thursday, Federal Reserve officials expressed confidence that inflation was cooling sufficiently to justify upcoming interest rate cuts, with the timing and size of these cuts likely to depend on forthcoming economic data.

In individual stock news, Take-Two Interactive Software saw gains as it forecasted growth in net bookings for fiscal years 2026 and 2027, while Expedia advanced after surpassing analysts’ expectations for second-quarter profits.

On the NYSE, advancing issues outnumbered decliners by a 1.22-to-1 ratio, while on the Nasdaq, decliners outpaced advancers with a 1.26-to-1 ratio. The S&P 500 recorded 13 new 52-week highs and 3 new lows, while the Nasdaq registered 48 new highs and 142 new lows.

 

US 30-Year Mortgage Rate Drops on Weak Jobs Data and Fed Rate-Cut Signals

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The interest rate for the most popular U.S. home loan plunged last week to its lowest level in 15 months. This decline followed signals from the Federal Reserve that it could start cutting its policy rate in September, alongside weak job market data bolstering financial market bets on significant reductions in borrowing costs. The average contract rate on a 30-year fixed-rate mortgage dropped 27 basis points to 6.55% in the week ended August 2, according to the Mortgage Bankers Association. This was the lowest rate since May 2023 and marked the sharpest drop in two years.

This decline offers potential homebuyers some relief in an increasingly unaffordable housing market, where home prices and borrowing costs have both risen significantly. According to Fannie Mae’s housing sentiment index for July, only 17% of respondents felt it was a good time to buy a home, down from 19% in June, with 35% stating they would rent their next residence—the highest share since 2011. Doug Duncan, chief economist at Fannie Mae, noted that this sentiment might reflect buyer fatigue or a deeper disenchantment with the market.

The drop in interest rates also presents an opportunity for homeowners who purchased at higher rates to refinance and reduce their payments. Refinancing applications rose sharply to the highest level in two years, helping to increase the refinance share of overall loan applications to 41.7%. However, purchase activity edged up by less than 1%, constrained by low inventory and high prices.

The Federal Reserve’s aggressive rate hikes in 2022 and 2023 had driven borrowing costs to their highest levels in decades. However, cooling inflation and a slowing labor market have led to signals that a policy rate cut could be on the table as early as next month. The Labor Department’s latest jobs report showed an increase in the unemployment rate to 4.3% in July and a slowdown in hiring, raising fears of an imminent recession.

This labor market data triggered a rally in U.S. Treasuries, lowering yields and pulling mortgage rates down. Interest rate futures now reflect bets that the Fed will cut its policy rate by a full percentage point by the end of this year, starting with a reduction of half a percentage point next month. Despite these developments, a significant portion of homeowners hold mortgages with rates below 4%, suggesting that mortgage rates would need to drop further to make refinancing or purchasing a new home appealing.