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Fed Unlikely to Cut Rates Before September Despite Market Turmoil

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Recent turmoil in global stock markets, triggered by a sharp slowdown in the U.S. job market, has led to speculation that the Federal Reserve might cut interest rates before its next scheduled meeting in September. However, despite the market volatility, the odds of an emergency rate cut remain low. Chicago Fed President Austan Goolsbee emphasized that the Fed’s mandate focuses on employment and price stability, not the stock market.

While some analysts anticipate a half-percentage-point rate cut at the September meeting, few believe the Fed will act sooner. Kathy Bostjancic, an economist at Nationwide, warned that an emergency cut could cause more panic in the markets. Even former New York Fed President Bill Dudley, who recently advocated for rate cuts, acknowledged that an intermeeting cut is “very unlikely.”

Global stock markets have somewhat recovered after initial losses, and recent data showing a drop in U.S. jobless claims has further eased concerns. As a result, traders have scaled back expectations for an immediate Fed rate cut, now seeing even odds between a quarter-point and half-point reduction in September.

Fed Chair Jerome Powell is expected to provide more guidance at the upcoming Jackson Hole economic symposium. For now, Powell seems likely to maintain the current policy rate, sticking to his statement that any potential rate reduction will depend on forthcoming economic data, particularly regarding jobs, inflation, and consumer spending.

Historically, the Fed has only cut rates between meetings in response to severe market disruptions, such as during the 2008 financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic. However, current conditions do not appear to meet that threshold, making a preemptive rate cut before September unlikely.

 

U.S. Jobless Claims Drop, Easing Recession Fears

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The number of Americans filing for unemployment benefits dropped more than expected last week, calming fears of a rapidly deteriorating labor market and reinforcing a narrative of gradual economic softening. The Labor Department reported a decrease of 17,000 claims, bringing the total to a seasonally adjusted 233,000 for the week ending August 3rd, marking the largest decline in 11 months. Economists had anticipated 240,000 claims, making the actual figure a welcome surprise after last week’s sharp increase.

This decline is likely influenced by the waning impact of temporary motor vehicle plant shutdowns and Hurricane Beryl, which had previously inflated the jobless claims figures. The revised figure for the prior week was adjusted slightly upward to 250,000.

The positive data bolstered U.S. stock markets, with major indexes rising and benchmark Treasury yields climbing back above 4%. The U.S. dollar also strengthened against a basket of currencies, reflecting renewed investor confidence. Marc Chandler, Chief Market Strategist at Bannockburn Global Forex, remarked that concerns of an imminent recession now seem “wide of the mark.”

Investors reacted by reducing bets that the Federal Reserve would implement a significant 50-basis-point rate cut next month, with the probability falling to 58% from 70% prior to the report. Despite a recent upward trend in claims since June, partly due to auto plant retooling and weather disruptions, layoffs remain low. This suggests that the labor market is stabilizing, albeit at a slower pace, as the economy adjusts to the Federal Reserve’s rate hikes in 2022 and 2023.

The Fed, which left its benchmark interest rate unchanged at its last meeting, is closely monitoring the labor market for signs of stress. While the recent nonfarm payrolls report indicated a slowdown in job gains and a rise in unemployment to 4.3%, the overall labor force growth has kept pace with the gradual rise in jobless claims, maintaining stability.

In other economic news, U.S. wholesale inventories increased in June, contributing positively to economic growth in the second quarter. The Commerce Department reported a 0.2% rise in inventories, in line with expectations, and a continuation of growth after a similar increase in May. This, coupled with a slight decrease in the U.S. 30-year mortgage rate to 6.47%, provided further relief in the housing market, which has been struggling under high interest rates.

 

US 30-Year Mortgage Rate Drops on Weak Jobs Data and Fed Rate-Cut Signals

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The interest rate for the most popular U.S. home loan plunged last week to its lowest level in 15 months. This decline followed signals from the Federal Reserve that it could start cutting its policy rate in September, alongside weak job market data bolstering financial market bets on significant reductions in borrowing costs. The average contract rate on a 30-year fixed-rate mortgage dropped 27 basis points to 6.55% in the week ended August 2, according to the Mortgage Bankers Association. This was the lowest rate since May 2023 and marked the sharpest drop in two years.

This decline offers potential homebuyers some relief in an increasingly unaffordable housing market, where home prices and borrowing costs have both risen significantly. According to Fannie Mae’s housing sentiment index for July, only 17% of respondents felt it was a good time to buy a home, down from 19% in June, with 35% stating they would rent their next residence—the highest share since 2011. Doug Duncan, chief economist at Fannie Mae, noted that this sentiment might reflect buyer fatigue or a deeper disenchantment with the market.

The drop in interest rates also presents an opportunity for homeowners who purchased at higher rates to refinance and reduce their payments. Refinancing applications rose sharply to the highest level in two years, helping to increase the refinance share of overall loan applications to 41.7%. However, purchase activity edged up by less than 1%, constrained by low inventory and high prices.

The Federal Reserve’s aggressive rate hikes in 2022 and 2023 had driven borrowing costs to their highest levels in decades. However, cooling inflation and a slowing labor market have led to signals that a policy rate cut could be on the table as early as next month. The Labor Department’s latest jobs report showed an increase in the unemployment rate to 4.3% in July and a slowdown in hiring, raising fears of an imminent recession.

This labor market data triggered a rally in U.S. Treasuries, lowering yields and pulling mortgage rates down. Interest rate futures now reflect bets that the Fed will cut its policy rate by a full percentage point by the end of this year, starting with a reduction of half a percentage point next month. Despite these developments, a significant portion of homeowners hold mortgages with rates below 4%, suggesting that mortgage rates would need to drop further to make refinancing or purchasing a new home appealing.