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Nvidia briefly hits $4 trillion market value, cementing AI leadership

Nvidia (NVDA.O) briefly reached a market capitalization of $4 trillion on Wednesday, becoming the first company ever to hit this milestone and reaffirming its dominance in the artificial intelligence (AI) sector. Shares surged as much as 2.8% to an all-time high of $164.42 before closing up 1.8%, giving Nvidia a market value of approximately $3.97 trillion.

This milestone reflects Wall Street’s strong confidence in Nvidia’s leading role in powering AI innovation, with its high-performance chips crucial to advancements in the technology. Robert Pavlik, senior portfolio manager at Dakota Wealth, remarked that the rally “highlights the fact that companies are shifting their asset spend in the direction of AI,” which he sees as the future of technology.

Nvidia’s stock has seen a remarkable recovery after a slow start in 2025, which was rattled by competition from Chinese AI models like DeepSeek. The company reached a $1 trillion valuation in June 2023 and has since nearly quadrupled in value within about a year—outpacing other tech giants like Apple and Microsoft, the only other U.S. firms with market caps above $3 trillion.

Microsoft, the second most valuable U.S. company, closed Wednesday at $503.51 per share with a $3.74 trillion market cap. Nvidia’s rally has lifted it by approximately 74% from its April lows, coinciding with renewed optimism about U.S. trade relations.

Currently, Nvidia represents 7.3% of the S&P 500 index, slightly more than Apple’s 7% and Microsoft’s 6%. Its valuation now surpasses the combined stock market value of Canada and Mexico, as well as all publicly listed companies in the UK.

Despite its high valuation, Nvidia’s 12-month forward price-to-earnings ratio stands at 32, below its three-year average of 37.

While Nvidia’s GPUs dominate AI workloads, rivals such as Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) and others are seeking to chip away at its market share by offering more affordable alternatives. Meanwhile, major customers like Amazon, Microsoft, and Alphabet face investor pressure to moderate their AI spending.

Nvidia posted $44.1 billion in revenue for the first quarter of 2025, a 69% increase year-on-year. For the second quarter, the company projects revenue around $45 billion, plus or minus 2%, with earnings due on August 27.

Year-to-date, Nvidia’s stock is up about 22%, outperforming the Philadelphia Semiconductor Index’s roughly 15% gain.

Nvidia hits $4 trillion market cap, cementing tech’s dominance in stock market

Nvidia Corp’s remarkable rise to a $4 trillion market valuation highlights its pivotal role in the stock market and the broader technology sector. The AI chipmaker’s shares have surged roughly 1,350% since October 2022, with a 22% gain so far in 2025, outperforming the 6% rise of the S&P 500.

The milestone was reached during morning trading on Wednesday, about 13 months after Nvidia first hit the $3 trillion mark. This rapid appreciation has made Nvidia the largest single stock by market value in the S&P 500, where it now accounts for around 7.5% of the index—more than any other company.

Nvidia’s influence is even more pronounced in tech-heavy indexes like the Invesco QQQ Trust ETF and the Philadelphia Semiconductor Index, though it has a smaller presence in price-weighted indexes such as the Dow Jones Industrial Average.

Microsoft ($3.7 trillion) and Apple ($3.1 trillion) trail Nvidia but are closing in on the $4 trillion threshold, underscoring the dominance of tech giants. The top seven companies in the S&P 500—also including Amazon, Alphabet, Meta Platforms, and Broadcom—make up about one-third of the index’s total market value.

This surge illustrates the growing dominance of the technology sector, which now represents about one-third of the S&P 500’s market value, nearing levels last seen during the dot-com bubble peak in 2000.

Other standout tech stocks in 2025 include Microsoft (+19%), Oracle (+40%), and Palantir (+88%).

Samsung Profit Plunges 56% Amid AI Chip Woes, U.S. Export Curbs to China

Samsung Electronics reported a steep 56% year-on-year drop in Q2 operating profit, projecting earnings of 4.6 trillion won ($3.36 billion)—significantly below analyst expectations of 6.2 trillion won, according to LSEG SmartEstimate. This marks Samsung’s weakest quarterly performance in six quarters, as its semiconductor division continues to struggle with shifting global dynamics in the AI chip market.

The South Korean tech giant blamed its sharp decline on U.S. restrictions on AI chip exports to China, which have disrupted its sales pipeline. However, analysts pointed to delays in delivering high-bandwidth memory (HBM) chips to Nvidia as a major factor in its underperformance. Unlike rivals SK Hynix and Micron, which have seen strong AI-driven chip demand, Samsung has been slower to supply its latest HBM3E 12-layer chips, with customer evaluations still ongoing and no specific update on Nvidia shipments.

“Everything ultimately comes back to HBM,” said Ryu Young-ho, an analyst at NH Investment & Securities, noting that Samsung’s competitive edge hinges on reclaiming leadership in the HBM segment.

Revenue for the quarter is expected to come in nearly flat at 74 trillion won, down just 0.1% from a year ago. But the semiconductor division likely took the hardest hit, with analysts estimating its operating profit may have dropped over 90% to just 500 billion won, partly due to inventory value adjustments and unsold HBM stockpiles.

Adding to the challenges, potential U.S. tariffs and mounting competition in China—where Samsung still has a heavy market presence—are expected to weigh on both its chip and smartphone margins in the near term.

Samsung’s foundry business also saw falling earnings, attributed to low utilisation rates and inventory write-downs, stemming from the same U.S. AI chip export restrictions. However, the company expects foundry performance to gradually improve in the second half of 2025 as utilisation recovers with demand.

Despite the weak outlook, Samsung announced a 3.9 trillion won ($2.85 billion) share buyback, part of a broader 10 trillion won repurchase plan unveiled in late 2024. Investors remained cautious, with Samsung shares slipping 0.2%, while Korea’s benchmark KOSPI index rose 1.2% during morning trading.

Looking ahead, Samsung hopes to recover with upcoming phone launches and by expanding HBM sales beyond Nvidia to other customers. A full breakdown of business unit performance is expected on July 31, when the company releases its detailed Q2 earnings report.