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Silicon Valley Startup Lyten Aims to Revive Europe’s Battery Ambitions by Acquiring Northvolt Assets

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Lyten, a U.S.-based startup specializing in lithium-sulphur battery technology, announced it will acquire the remaining assets of bankrupt European battery maker Northvolt in Sweden and Germany. This move could rekindle hopes for building a robust European electric vehicle (EV) battery industry and reduce dependency on Chinese suppliers.

About Lyten:
Founded in 2015 in California, Lyten began in a shipping container and has since attracted major backers including Stellantis, the parent of Chrysler, and logistics giant FedEx. The company develops lithium-sulphur battery cells, a promising alternative to conventional lithium-ion batteries. In 2024, Lyten unveiled plans to build the world’s first lithium-sulphur battery gigafactory in Reno, Nevada, with an investment exceeding $1 billion. Over the past year, Lyten has also acquired Northvolt’s U.S. R&D hub and Europe’s largest energy storage systems factory.

Northvolt’s Collapse:
Sweden’s Northvolt entered U.S. Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2024 after struggling to scale production at its main plant despite strong demand and backing from automakers like BMW, Volkswagen, Volvo Cars, and Audi. The company once held a $50 billion order book, but bankruptcy wiped this out. Northvolt had raised over $10 billion since its founding in 2016 and employed over 6,000 people at its peak. Volkswagen and Goldman Sachs were among its largest shareholders.

Significance of Lithium-Sulphur Batteries:
Lithium-sulphur technology is seen as a game-changer for EV batteries because it can be up to two-thirds cheaper than lithium-ion cells. Unlike lithium-ion batteries, lithium-sulphur cells avoid costly and supply-concentrated materials like nickel, cobalt, and manganese, many of which are predominantly sourced from China. This makes lithium-sulphur batteries potentially cheaper and more sustainable.

Backers of Lyten:
Lyten has secured more than $625 million in funding from investors such as Stellantis, FedEx, Honeywell, Boeing and Airbus suppliers, venture capital firm Prime Movers Lab, and Canadian mining company Wallbridge.

Washington’s Move Against CATL Could Pose Challenges for Tesla’s Future

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Washington’s recent designation of CATL (Contemporary Amperex Technology Co. Ltd.) as a company linked to China’s military could complicate Tesla’s operations and its relationship with the U.S. government. CATL, the world’s largest battery manufacturer, supplies lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries to Tesla, particularly for its Shanghai factory, which is Tesla’s largest manufacturing site. The U.S. automaker exports vehicles equipped with CATL batteries to international markets such as Europe and Canada.

The U.S. Department of Defense’s designation of CATL and other Chinese companies, including Tencent Holdings, raises concerns about the potential security risks associated with doing business with these companies. Although the designation itself does not impose direct restrictions on CATL’s operations, it could harm the reputation of the company and create additional pressure on U.S. entities, like Tesla, that rely on CATL’s products.

Tesla is in the midst of finalizing a deal with CATL to license battery production technology for a new facility in Nevada, expected to begin operations in 2025. The two companies are also in talks about expanding their collaboration for Tesla’s Megapack energy storage product. Despite the designation, no immediate impact on Tesla’s operations is expected, but the growing political tension over China’s military connections could raise questions for businesses considering future partnerships with CATL.

Morningstar analyst Seth Goldstein suggests that while Tesla is likely to continue its partnership with CATL due to the strategic importance of these ties to China, the situation is complex. Lawmakers’ pressure on U.S. utilities, such as Duke Energy, to phase out CATL products could encourage caution among other businesses. Goldstein points out that cutting ties with CATL could have more severe political repercussions in China than any consequences within the U.S.

The U.S. government’s stance on Chinese military connections has been gaining momentum, with recent legislative measures that could prevent federal contracts with companies linked to the Chinese military. The 2024 defense authorization act could ban the Department of Defense from contracting with companies on the U.S. CMC list starting in 2026.

CATL, in response, has denied any military involvement and called the U.S. designation a mistake. As Tesla navigates this increasingly complex political landscape, it could find its global expansion efforts and relationships with both the U.S. and China at a critical crossroads.

 

China Proposes Further Export Curbs on Battery and Critical Minerals Technology

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China’s Ministry of Commerce has proposed new export restrictions targeting technology used in processing critical minerals such as lithium and gallium, as well as in producing battery components, according to a document released on Thursday.

If implemented, the restrictions would follow a series of measures by Beijing to tighten control over critical minerals and related technologies, reinforcing its dominance in these sectors. These announcements come ahead of U.S. President Donald Trump’s second-term inauguration, during which he is expected to escalate trade restrictions on China.

Maintaining Lithium Dominance

China currently holds a 70% share of the global lithium processing market, critical for manufacturing electric vehicle (EV) batteries. Adam Webb, head of battery raw materials at Benchmark Mineral Intelligence, noted that the proposed measures would solidify China’s control over lithium chemical production for its domestic battery supply chain.

“These measures aim to sustain China’s high market share and ensure secure production for local supply chains,” Webb said. “However, they could create significant hurdles for Western lithium producers seeking access to Chinese technology for processing lithium chemicals.”

Impact on Global Battery and Mineral Industries

The proposed restrictions could disrupt the overseas ambitions of major Chinese battery manufacturers, including CATL, Gotion, and EVE Energy, by limiting their ability to export advanced technologies. Additionally, technologies related to gallium extraction could face similar constraints.

Gallium and lithium are crucial in the production of semiconductors, EV batteries, and renewable energy technologies. Restricting exports of processing technologies would not only bolster China’s domestic capabilities but could also amplify challenges for international competitors reliant on Chinese expertise and resources.

Next Steps

The public has until February 1 to provide feedback on the proposed changes. However, the document does not specify when these measures might take effect.

Analysts warn that if the restrictions are implemented, they could escalate existing tensions in global trade and technology markets, particularly as Western nations seek to reduce reliance on Chinese supply chains for critical minerals.