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EU Risk Watchdog Urges Swift Action on Stablecoin Safeguards

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The European Union’s financial risk watchdog has called for urgent safeguards on stablecoins that are only partially issued within the bloc, echoing growing concerns from the European Central Bank (ECB) about the potential for destabilizing financial runs.

Stablecoins — cryptocurrencies pegged to traditional reserve assets such as fiat currencies or commodities — are designed to maintain price stability. However, the European Systemic Risk Board (ESRB) warned that stablecoins issued both inside and outside the EU present inherent structural risks.

“Third-country multi-issuer schemes — with fungible stablecoins circulating both in the EU and abroad — have built-in vulnerabilities which require an urgent policy response,” the ESRB said in a statement.

RISK OF RUNS AND LIQUIDITY STRAINS

The ECB, led by Christine Lagarde, fears that if confidence in such stablecoins falters, investors could rush to redeem their holdings in the EU, where regulatory protections are strongest.
Such a scenario could lead to liquidity shortages, as EU-based reserves may be insufficient to cover redemptions — potentially forcing the ECB to intervene to stabilize markets.

Lagarde has consistently emphasized that stablecoin issuers operating in the EU and abroad must be held to identical standards, to prevent regulatory loopholes that could import external financial risk into the bloc.

REGULATORY GAPS AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS

Under the EU’s Markets in Crypto-Assets (MiCA) regulation — one of the world’s most comprehensive crypto frameworks — stablecoins are required to be fully backed by liquid reserves.
However, in “multi-issuer” arrangements, where an EU entity and a non-EU entity jointly issue a stablecoin, the stricter EU rules do not apply to the foreign partner. This creates regulatory asymmetry that may allow risk to flow into the EU system.

The ESRB warned that multi-function financial groups issuing stablecoins across jurisdictions may fall under more lenient regimes than traditional financial conglomerates, heightening the risk of divergent prudential standards and undermining the integrity of EU financial supervision.

A CALL FOR COORDINATED OVERSIGHT

The watchdog urged EU institutions to close these gaps quickly through policy coordination and international cooperation to ensure that global stablecoin systems do not exploit differences between regulatory frameworks.

The ESRB’s statement comes as the European Union prepares to implement MiCA fully by 2026, amid growing debate about how to integrate emerging crypto technologies into the region’s financial stability architecture without stifling innovation.

Coinbase to Face Narrowed Shareholder Lawsuit After Judge’s Partial Dismissal

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A U.S. federal judge has ruled that Coinbase must face a narrowed shareholder lawsuit alleging it misled investors about key business risks, including the likelihood of being sued by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).

In a 59-page ruling issued Tuesday night, Judge Brian Martinotti of the U.S. District Court in New Jersey rejected Coinbase’s bid for a full dismissal of the case. The lawsuit accuses the cryptocurrency exchange and several of its top executives and board members of fraudulently concealing regulatory and financial risks in public statements over a two-year period.

The shareholders allege Coinbase made misleading claims suggesting it was unlikely to face SEC enforcement, and that customer assets would remain protected even if the company filed for bankruptcy. These statements, made through earnings calls, regulatory filings, blog posts, and social media, allegedly inflated investor confidence.

Judge Martinotti ruled that plaintiffs could not proceed based solely on “group pleading”, where statements in company-wide documents do not specify individual responsibility. However, he allowed the lawsuit to continue for claims where investors provided specific allegations tied to individual defendants, writing, “Where plaintiffs have appropriately provided defendant-by-defendant particularity, the claims must remain.”

In a notable aside, Martinotti criticized the lack of clarity in the plaintiffs’ filings, remarking humorously, “Judges are not like pigs, hunting for truffles buried in briefs.”

Coinbase called the ruling a “significant step forward,” saying it would continue to “vigorously defend against any remaining claims.” Attorneys representing the shareholders did not immediately respond to media requests.

The case stems from major stock drops in 2022 and 2023, including a 26% plunge on May 11, 2022 after Coinbase reported disappointing revenues and added new risk disclosures, and a 12% drop on June 6, 2023 following the SEC lawsuit alleging the company operated as an unregistered securities exchange.

The class action, led by Swedish pension fund Sjunde AP-Fonden, covers investors who bought Coinbase shares between April 14, 2021, and June 5, 2023.

The SEC’s own case against Coinbase was dropped in February 2025, after the Trump administration moved to loosen federal oversight of the cryptocurrency sector, marking a major shift in the U.S. regulatory approach to digital assets.

The case is In re Coinbase Global Inc. Securities Litigation, U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey, No. 22-04915.

China tells brokers to pause real-world asset tokenisation in Hong Kong

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China’s securities regulator (CSRC) has quietly advised several domestic brokerages to halt their real-world asset (RWA) tokenisation activities in Hong Kong, according to sources familiar with the matter. The move highlights Beijing’s caution as Hong Kong accelerates its push to become a regional hub for digital assets.

What’s happening

  • At least two major Chinese brokerages received informal instructions in recent weeks to pause RWA tokenisation businesses offshore.

  • RWA tokenisation converts traditional assets — like stocks, bonds, funds, and real estate — into blockchain-based digital tokens.

  • Regulators are concerned about risk management and whether firms’ claims are backed by “strong, legitimate businesses.”

Market reaction

  • Shares in Chinese brokerages with Hong Kong exposure slumped:

    • Guotai Junan International fell 7.25%

    • GF Securities dropped 2%

  • The broader Hang Seng Index closed down 0.9%.

Regulatory backdrop

  • China banned cryptocurrency trading and mining in 2021, citing financial stability risks.

  • While Hong Kong has rolled out a stablecoin regime and tokenisation “sandbox” (Project Ensemble), Beijing has kept its stance restrictive.

  • Last month, regulators told major Chinese brokers to stop publishing research endorsing stablecoins, signalling unease about speculative hype.

  • The HKMA confirmed it is conducting a legal review of tokenisation, initially focused on bonds.

Virtual asset enthusiasm in Hong Kong

  • GF Securities (HK unit) launched yield-generating “GF tokens” in June, tied to USD, HKD, and offshore RMB.

  • CMBI recently helped Shenzhen Futian Investment raise 500 million yuan through an RWA-based digital bond.

  • Seazen Group, a Chinese property developer, set up an institute in Hong Kong to explore tokenisation.

  • HKMA said 77 firms have expressed interest in applying for a stablecoin license as of August 31.

Global context

  • The RWA market is worth about $29 billion today and could exceed $2 trillion by 2030, according to industry forecasts.

  • Hong Kong wants to capture this growth, but Beijing’s intervention shows cross-border limits remain.

  • It’s unclear how long the CSRC’s guidance will stay in place or whether it will become a formal restriction.