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Poor Grid Planning Threatens Europe’s Data Centre Hubs, Ember Report Warns

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Europe’s top data centre locations, including Frankfurt, London, Amsterdam, Paris, and Dublin, risk losing their dominance unless governments improve long-term grid planning, according to a new report released Thursday by energy think-tank Ember.

The surge in demand for data centres, driven by the rise of artificial intelligence (AI) and its energy-intensive computing needs, is shifting investment priorities. Developers are increasingly choosing locations with faster and easier access to electricity, rather than remaining loyal to traditional hubs plagued by long grid connection delays.

The report warns that by 2035, up to 50% of Europe’s data centre capacity could relocate outside the current main hubs. This could divert billions of euros in economic activity to emerging markets, with significant implications for GDP and job creation. For example, data centres in Germany generated €10.4 billion in GDP in 2024 — a figure expected to more than double by 2029. Losing momentum in such a high-growth sector could harm economic prospects in these countries.

While France is likely to retain investment due to a relatively unconstrained grid, others could suffer delays of up to 13 years in connecting new data centres. The average wait time in the legacy hubs is 7–10 years, compared to only 3 years in Italy and even less in some emerging regions.

“Grids are ultimately deciding where investments go,” said Elisabeth Cremona, Senior Energy Analyst at Ember. “If Europe wants to maintain its competitiveness and achieve economic growth, it must prioritise grid development.”

She emphasized that the issue extends beyond data centres to all sectors undergoing electrification. Without updated grid infrastructure, industries could struggle to scale or relocate entirely to regions with faster energy access.

Electricity demand from data centres is projected to triple in Sweden, Norway, and Denmark by 2030, and increase three- to fivefold in Austria, Greece, Finland, Hungary, Italy, Portugal, and Slovakia by 2035.

The findings highlight an urgent need for European policymakers to treat grid planning as a strategic investment tool, not just a utility service, in order to retain tech-sector leadership and support industrial transformation.

Connection Challenge Could Hamper France’s AI Hub Ambitions Despite Nuclear Power Advantage

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France’s bid to become a global leader in artificial intelligence (AI) is facing potential setbacks due to delays in connecting power-hungry data centres to the national electricity grid. Despite boasting abundant nuclear energy—critical to attracting AI investments—the time it takes to establish the necessary infrastructure could slow down the country’s growth in the sector.

Macron’s Vision and Investments:

In a recent AI summit, French President Emmanuel Macron highlighted the country’s reliance on clean and reliable nuclear power as a key asset for AI development. With over 100 billion euros ($103.26 billion) in AI investment pledges, France is positioning itself as a major player in Europe’s race to catch up with the U.S. The pledge includes a $10 billion supercomputer facility by UK-based Fluidstack, which will require 1 gigawatt (GW) of power—equivalent to the output of one of France’s smaller nuclear reactors.

Brookfield, a global asset manager, also committed to spending 20 billion euros to develop AI infrastructure, including data centres. With 57 nuclear reactors, France produces over two-thirds of its electricity from nuclear power, and last year, it exported a record amount of energy, mostly to Italy.

Grid Connection Bottleneck:

The challenge lies not in generating the electricity but in connecting it to the data centres. France’s energy grid, though robust, may struggle to keep up with the surge in demand that AI data centres will bring. Experts warn that, while building data centres can be completed in under a year, constructing the necessary transmission lines to supply them with power could take up to five years.

Fatih Birol, executive director of the International Energy Agency, highlighted the issue at the AI summit, noting that countries with sustainable and affordable electricity supplies have a competitive edge. However, the slow pace of building the required transmission infrastructure presents a bottleneck for France’s ambitious plans.

Efforts to Expedite Construction:

Construction and permitting procedures in Europe are notably slower than in the U.S., as Anj Midha, a general partner at Andreessen Horowitz, pointed out. In response, state-owned utility EDF has identified four sites for data centres on its land, with existing grid connections and 2 GW of power already available. These sites are expected to reduce project timelines by several years, but challenges remain.

EDF is also in talks with companies to power additional 1 GW data centre projects, though the completion of these sites may still be delayed by the need for public consultation and the high costs associated with constructing new high-voltage power lines.