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French Investigation into Elon Musk’s X Intensifies with Police Involvement

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The investigation into Elon Musk’s social media platform X has escalated in France, as the Paris prosecutor’s office called on police to probe suspected abuses involving algorithms and fraudulent data extraction linked to the company or its executives. This development adds mounting pressure on Musk, who has publicly accused European governments of infringing on free speech and has expressed support for several far-right parties across the region.

Authorities in France now have the authority to conduct searches, wiretaps, surveillance, or summon Musk and X executives for questioning. Should any individuals refuse to cooperate, an international arrest warrant could be issued. X has not yet responded to requests for comment.

The preliminary inquiry began in January following complaints from a French lawmaker and a senior official concerning alleged foreign interference via the platform, Paris Prosecutor Laure Beccuau stated. On July 9, after reviewing initial evidence from researchers and public institutions, prosecutors requested the police to investigate X both as a corporate entity and through individuals.

The suspected offenses include “organized interference with the functioning of an automated data processing system” and “organized fraudulent extraction of data from an automated data processing system.”

This probe into a major tech figure risks intensifying tensions between Washington and European capitals over acceptable online discourse. In a related context, Pavel Durov, founder of Telegram, remains under judicial supervision in France after his arrest last year on charges of alleged organized crime related to his app, charges he denies. Musk has criticized Durov’s arrest, which has sparked debates about free speech, including discussions by senior officials aligned with former President Trump.

Musk has actively used X to support right-wing political groups in France, Germany, and Britain. While he previously aligned closely with Trump, the two have diverged recently over federal budget issues, with Musk now pursuing the creation of his own political party.

Pakistan Seeks YouTube Ban on Over Two Dozen Critics Including Journalists

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Alphabet-owned YouTube has informed more than 25 Pakistani critics, including journalists and opposition figures, that their channels could be blocked following a court order labeling them “anti-state.” The Islamabad judicial magistrate issued the order on June 24 after the National Cyber Crime Investigation Agency (NCCIA) accused these channels of sharing “highly intimidating, provocative and derogatory” content against state institutions.

Among those targeted are the main opposition party Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI), its jailed former leader Imran Khan, and several journalists critical of the government. YouTube warned the creators that failure to comply with the court could result in immediate blocking of their channels in Pakistan.

Pakistan’s Interior Minister Talal Chaudhry indicated the creators could face criminal charges, emphasizing laws against using social media to “create chaos.” The crackdown follows broader efforts by Islamabad to regulate digital content and curb dissent, with prior temporary bans on platforms like X, Facebook, and TikTok.

Critics argue this move undermines free speech in Pakistan, where traditional media faces severe restrictions. Journalists like Asad Toor, who has over 333,000 subscribers, condemned the ban as an attack on constitutional rights and a way to silence voices opposing state oppression.

PTI spokesman Zulfikar Bukhari said the government is suppressing human rights abuses and dissenting narratives after Imran Khan’s 2022 removal from office—a claim denied by Pakistan’s military. The court order is part of stricter laws, including a 2025 amendment allowing tribunals to impose up to three years’ imprisonment and fines for sharing “false or fake” content.

Digital rights advocates criticize the process for lacking due legal procedure, with creators like Toor planning to challenge the ban legally, calling it “dictatorial” and asserting that digital suppression cannot silence them.

Elon Musk’s X Sues New York Over Social Media Hate Speech Disclosure Law

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Elon Musk’s social media company, X Corp, filed a lawsuit on Tuesday challenging the constitutionality of New York’s Stop Hiding Hate Act, which mandates social media platforms to publicly disclose how they monitor and manage hate speech, extremism, disinformation, harassment, and foreign political interference.

X argues the law violates the First Amendment and state constitutional rights by forcing the company to reveal “highly sensitive and controversial speech” that New York officials might find objectionable, potentially exposing the company to lawsuits and heavy fines. The law imposes civil penalties of up to $15,000 per violation per day.

The lawsuit, filed in Manhattan federal court, states that deciding what speech is acceptable is a complex issue that “engenders considerable debate among reasonable people,” and that regulating this is not a role for government authorities.

X cited a letter from the law’s sponsors, state Senator Brad Hoylman-Sigal and Assemblymember Grace Lee, accusing Musk and X of having a “disturbing record” on content moderation that allegedly threatens democratic foundations.

New York Attorney General Letitia James, who enforces the law, is the named defendant. Her office did not immediately comment.

Since acquiring Twitter in October 2022 for $44 billion, Musk has promoted himself as a free speech absolutist, significantly reducing content moderation on the platform, which was rebranded as X.

New York’s law, signed in December by Democratic Governor Kathy Hochul with help from the Anti-Defamation League, requires platforms to disclose their efforts and report progress in combating harmful content.

The law mirrors a similar 2023 California law, whose enforcement was partially blocked by a federal appeals court last September over free speech concerns. Notably, California agreed in February to suspend enforcement of disclosure requirements after reaching a settlement with X.

Legislators Hoylman-Sigal and Lee expressed confidence that the court will uphold New York’s law, emphasizing the necessity of transparency given Musk’s resistance.

Case Reference: X Corp v. James, U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York, No. 25-05068.