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Malaysia Slows Data Centre Boom, Complicating China’s AI Chip Access

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Malaysia, once the fastest-growing hub for data centre expansion in Southeast Asia, is now reining in the pace of growth — a move that could restrict China’s access to U.S.-made AI chips crucial for advanced model training.

Key Developments

  • Dominant role: Malaysia accounts for two-thirds of all data centre capacity under construction in Southeast Asia, led by Johor near Singapore.

  • Growth drivers: Lower costs and spillover from Singapore’s capacity constraints made Malaysia attractive to U.S. giants (Microsoft, Amazon, Google) and Chinese firms (Tencent, Huawei, Alibaba).

  • New restrictions: In July, Malaysia required permits for all exports, trans-shipments and transits of U.S.-made high-performance chips like Nvidia’s, tightening regulatory control.

U.S. Pressure and Trade Tensions

  • Washington fears Malaysia could serve as a backdoor for China to access restricted U.S. chips for AI and potential military applications.

  • Malaysia is simultaneously seeking to finalize a trade deal with the U.S., which increases scrutiny of Chinese-linked data projects.

  • The U.S. Commerce Department has warned that overseas-trained AI models could bolster China’s military edge.

China’s Overseas Push

  • Under Xi Jinping’s “AI Belt and Road” strategy, Chinese operators were urged to expand abroad.

  • GDS Holdings built a major campus in Johor but later spun off its international arm into DayOne, distancing from its Chinese parent amid U.S. pressure.

  • Xi’s April visit to Malaysia ended with pledges of deeper ties in data linkages, 5G and AI infrastructure.

Johor’s Role

  • By mid-2025, Johor had 12 operational data centres (369.9 MW) with 28 more planned (898.7 MW), worth $39B in investments.

  • Johor introduced a vetting committee in 2024, rejecting ~30% of applications for unsustainable energy or water practices. Approval rates have since improved as firms adapt.

Risks for China

  • Chinese AI chips still lag behind Nvidia’s in performance. While Malaysia leaves room for in-country use of U.S. chips, scrutiny is rising.

  • Chinese firms are increasingly rebranding or restructuring overseas operations to avoid geopolitical pressure.

  • Analysts warn Southeast Asia may become a less reliable outlet for China’s AI ambitions as U.S. tariffs and regulatory scrutiny intensify.

Bain Capital Plans $4 Billion+ Sale of China Data Centre Arm WinTriX

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Bain Capital is preparing to sell the China business of data centre operator WinTriX DC Group, in a deal that could value the division at over $4 billion, according to two sources with direct knowledge of the matter. The move comes amid soaring valuations in the global data centre market, fueled by surging demand for artificial intelligence infrastructure.

The potential sale would mark a major strategic reshuffle for Bain Capital, which acquired Chindata Group in 2019, later merged it with Southeast Asia’s Bridge Data Centres, and then rebranded and separated the businesses under the WinTriX name after taking Chindata private in a $3.16 billion deal in 2022.

Key Financials and Deal Context:

  • WinTriX’s China unit is projected to generate close to 4 billion yuan ($554 million) in EBITDA in 2025.

  • The sale process is in early stages, with advisors having held preliminary talks with potential buyers.

  • Bytedance, the parent company of TikTok, was WinTriX’s largest customer in 2022, accounting for 86% of its revenue, according to Fitch Ratings.

Market Backdrop:
The sale comes as data centre valuations surge globally, bolstered by AI-driven growth. In 2023, Australia’s AirTrunk was sold to a Blackstone-led consortium at over 20 times forward earnings, illustrating investor appetite in the sector. By comparison, GDS Holdings, a major China-based rival, is currently trading at a P/E multiple of 8.48, per LSEG data.

Fitch Downgrade Adds Complexity:
Despite growth opportunities, Fitch Ratings downgraded WinTriX in February from “BBB” to “BB”, citing increased risks tied to its strategic pivot toward overseas expansion, slower demand for hyperscale centres in China, and rising local competition.

Bridge Data Centres to Remain Under Bain:
Sources said Bain will retain control of Bridge Data Centres, which operates outside China and in March secured a $2.8 billion bank loan to support expansion in markets like India and Malaysia.

Neither Bain Capital nor WinTriX responded to Reuters’ requests for comment.

As AI infrastructure continues to drive global investment in cloud and compute capabilities, the potential WinTriX China sale could be a timely cash-out for Bain Capital, while also offering a major player a foothold in China’s data infrastructure market — albeit one still closely tied to a dominant but concentrated revenue base.