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Malaysia Slows Data Centre Boom, Complicating China’s AI Chip Access

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Malaysia, once the fastest-growing hub for data centre expansion in Southeast Asia, is now reining in the pace of growth — a move that could restrict China’s access to U.S.-made AI chips crucial for advanced model training.

Key Developments

  • Dominant role: Malaysia accounts for two-thirds of all data centre capacity under construction in Southeast Asia, led by Johor near Singapore.

  • Growth drivers: Lower costs and spillover from Singapore’s capacity constraints made Malaysia attractive to U.S. giants (Microsoft, Amazon, Google) and Chinese firms (Tencent, Huawei, Alibaba).

  • New restrictions: In July, Malaysia required permits for all exports, trans-shipments and transits of U.S.-made high-performance chips like Nvidia’s, tightening regulatory control.

U.S. Pressure and Trade Tensions

  • Washington fears Malaysia could serve as a backdoor for China to access restricted U.S. chips for AI and potential military applications.

  • Malaysia is simultaneously seeking to finalize a trade deal with the U.S., which increases scrutiny of Chinese-linked data projects.

  • The U.S. Commerce Department has warned that overseas-trained AI models could bolster China’s military edge.

China’s Overseas Push

  • Under Xi Jinping’s “AI Belt and Road” strategy, Chinese operators were urged to expand abroad.

  • GDS Holdings built a major campus in Johor but later spun off its international arm into DayOne, distancing from its Chinese parent amid U.S. pressure.

  • Xi’s April visit to Malaysia ended with pledges of deeper ties in data linkages, 5G and AI infrastructure.

Johor’s Role

  • By mid-2025, Johor had 12 operational data centres (369.9 MW) with 28 more planned (898.7 MW), worth $39B in investments.

  • Johor introduced a vetting committee in 2024, rejecting ~30% of applications for unsustainable energy or water practices. Approval rates have since improved as firms adapt.

Risks for China

  • Chinese AI chips still lag behind Nvidia’s in performance. While Malaysia leaves room for in-country use of U.S. chips, scrutiny is rising.

  • Chinese firms are increasingly rebranding or restructuring overseas operations to avoid geopolitical pressure.

  • Analysts warn Southeast Asia may become a less reliable outlet for China’s AI ambitions as U.S. tariffs and regulatory scrutiny intensify.

Malaysia Plans 50% Increase in Gas-Fired Power Capacity to Support Booming Data Centre Demand

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Malaysia aims to expand its gas-fired power capacity by 6 to 8 gigawatts by 2030 to meet soaring electricity demand driven largely by the rapid growth of data centres, an industry official said. This expansion would represent a 40-54% increase from the current 15 GW of gas capacity, as the country seeks to reduce reliance on coal.

According to Megat Jalaluddin, CEO of state utility Tenaga Nasional Berhad, the government plans to build new gas plants and extend the lifespan of existing ones, positioning gas as the key transitional fuel after coal. Total electricity consumption in Malaysia is projected to rise by 30% by 2030.

Malaysia is expected to see the fastest growth in data centre power demand in Southeast Asia, with data centres’ share of electricity consumption in the region forecasted to triple to 21% by 2027 from 7% in 2022, based on a May report by Bain & Co, Google, and Temasek.

Petronas, Malaysia’s LNG exporter, may start importing liquefied natural gas within four to five years due to rising gas demand. The country also targets adding up to 10 GW of renewable energy capacity by 2030, more than doubling its current 9 GW, as data centres push for greener energy sources.

Deputy Prime Minister Fadillah Yusof highlighted that data centres will require 19.5 GW of power generation by 2035, making up 52% of Peninsular Malaysia’s electricity use, up sharply from about 2% today.

Malaysia’s southern state of Johor has become a leading data centre hub in Southeast Asia, favored for its proximity to Singapore, affordable land and power, and faster regulatory approvals. Tech giants like Microsoft, Nvidia, Google, and ByteDance have committed billions in investments since early 2024, fueling an infrastructure boom.

Equinix Malaysia Explores Alternative Energy Ahead of July Tariff Hike Amid Data Center Expansion

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Equinix Malaysia, the local arm of global data center operator Equinix, is evaluating alternative energy providers to mitigate the impact of a 14.2% electricity tariff increase set to take effect in July, the company said on Wednesday. The tariff hike is expected to significantly raise operational costs, especially for energy-intensive data center operations.

Cheam Tat Inn, managing director of Equinix Malaysia, stated during a media walkabout at the Cyberjaya data center—now completing its second phase—that the company is actively engaging with renewable energy providers, although specific sources and timelines have not been disclosed.

Equinix currently operates two facilities in Malaysia:

  • Cyberjaya with a capacity of 4.8 megawatts (MW)

  • Johor with 2.4 MW, which is fully subscribed following its launch in May 2023.

Cheam added that customer occupancy at the Cyberjaya site is rising rapidly, underscoring strong regional demand for digital infrastructure.

Malaysia is in the midst of a data center boom, with forecasts projecting a fourfold increase in facilities over the next decade from the current 18, collectively demanding over 800MW of electricity. The surge is largely driven by the growing demand for AI and cloud services, with tech giants such as Microsoft, Nvidia, Google, ByteDance, and Oracle investing billions in the country.

Equinix has also been aggressively expanding across Southeast Asia, acquiring three data centers in the Philippines last year and maintaining operations in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore as it positions itself to tap into the region’s digital growth trajectory.