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Indian Court Rejects X’s Challenge to Modi Government’s Content Removal Rules

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An Indian court has dismissed X’s legal bid to overturn the country’s new content removal system, ruling that the social media platform—owned by Elon Musk—must comply with local laws despite its claims that the mechanism amounted to censorship.

The case centered on Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s tightened internet regulations introduced in 2023. The rules allow a wider range of government officials to issue takedown orders directly through a centralized government website launched in October.

X had argued the measures were unconstitutional and gave “every Tom, Dick, and Harry” the power to censor speech online. But Justice M. Nagaprasanna of Karnataka’s high court rejected the claim, stating: “Every platform that seeks to operate within the jurisdiction of our nation must accept that liberty is yoked with responsibility.”

The ruling follows months of legal battles between X and government lawyers. India’s government defended the system as a way to combat unlawful online content, misinformation, and material it says spreads hate and division, while ensuring greater accountability for platforms.

Officials also noted that other tech giants, including Meta and Google, support the government’s approach.

X, which has repeatedly clashed with authorities worldwide over compliance demands, now faces the possibility of appealing the decision to India’s Supreme Court.

India Rebukes X Over “Tom, Dick, and Harry” Remark in Ongoing Court Battle on Content Takedowns

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A legal clash between Elon Musk’s X (formerly Twitter) and the Indian government intensified on Tuesday after X’s lawyer made a controversial remark suggesting that “every Tom, Dick, and Harry” government official could issue takedown orders on online content. The statement drew a sharp and immediate rebuke from India’s Solicitor General Tushar Mehta, escalating a long-standing standoff over digital content regulation.

The remark came during a hearing at the Karnataka High Court, where X is challenging a government-run website that it alleges serves as a “censorship portal.” The Indian government, however, defends the portal as a tool for swiftly notifying social media platforms of legal obligations under content moderation laws.

X’s lawyer, K.G. Raghavan, cited a recent example where the Indian Railways ordered the takedown of a video showing a car being driven on a railway track—content X considered newsworthy. “This is the danger… if every Tom, Dick, and Harry officer is authorised,” he argued.

Solicitor General Mehta strongly objected, stating, “Officers are not Tom, Dick, or Harry… they are statutory functionaries.” He further defended India’s regulatory approach, saying, “No social media intermediary can expect completely unregulated functioning.”

The Indian Information Technology Ministry and X did not issue public responses to Reuters’ inquiries following the courtroom exchange.

India has become a strategically important market for Musk’s expanding empire, particularly with upcoming plans to launch Starlink and Tesla in the country. However, X’s friction with Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s administration over content moderation continues to cast a shadow over those ambitions.

The roots of the conflict trace back to 2021, when X refused to comply with Indian orders to block specific tweets. Although it eventually yielded to the demands, the platform has continued to contest the legality of those directives in Indian courts.

Tuesday’s court exchange underscores the ongoing tension between tech giants and sovereign governments over who has the final say in regulating online content—and how far that power should extend.