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Panasonic Boosts Battery Unit Outlook, Unveils Profitability Reform Plan

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Panasonic Holdings has raised its full-year earnings forecast for its energy division, which supplies batteries to Tesla, citing strong sales of energy storage systems and improved profitability at its U.S. battery plant. The revised outlook increases the segment’s expected earnings by 14% to 124 billion yen ($798.35 million), following a 39% rise in operating profit during the third quarter.

The company also announced a new management reform plan, aiming to boost group profitability by over 300 billion yen ($1.93 billion) and achieve a return on equity above 10% by the fiscal year ending March 2029. It plans to improve profitability by 150 billion yen by fiscal 2026 and another 150 billion yen by fiscal 2028.

Panasonic’s energy unit benefited from higher sales of energy storage systems and lower material costs, offsetting an overall decline in automotive battery sales. Reduced production in Japan and increased costs related to a new U.S. battery plant and a renovated facility in Japan’s Wakayama prefecture impacted operations.

Expanding its North American footprint, Panasonic Energy currently operates a battery plant in Nevada supplying Tesla and is set to open a second U.S. facility in Kansas this year. The segment reported third-quarter operating income of 42 billion yen ($270.46 million).

Despite industry-wide concerns over slowing EV demand, Panasonic has retained its full-year profit forecast of 380 billion yen for the entire group. It continues to compete with major Asian battery makers, including China’s CATL and South Korea’s LG Energy Solution, the latter of which recently announced plans to cut capital expenditure by up to 30% due to weakening EV demand.

 

Lithium Supply Glut to Persist, Benefiting Battery Makers

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Despite a significant drop in lithium prices, many mines, particularly those operated by Chinese companies, continue to produce the raw material essential for electric vehicle (EV) batteries. This ongoing production, despite weak prices, is leading to a prolonged oversupply of lithium, which is expected to keep prices low for years. Battery makers, some of which own or invest in lithium operations, are benefiting from this surplus.

Continued Production Amid Price Weakness

The lithium market has experienced significant volatility, with prices for lithium hydroxide plunging nearly 90% since December 2022. However, many producers are maintaining operations despite price declines. Some of these mines are operating at a loss, but producers are reluctant to halt production due to concerns over losing market share and the complexities of restarting mines.

The global lithium supply is projected to increase by 25% this year and another 15% in 2025, contributing to the glut. Analysts estimate that around 10% of lithium production is currently unprofitable. However, mines in regions such as China, Australia, and Zimbabwe remain open, with some producers absorbing losses due to their integration into global supply chains or strategic interests.

China’s Strategic Investment and Zimbabwe’s Role

China has significantly invested in lithium projects globally, including in Zimbabwe, which has quickly risen to become the world’s fourth-largest supplier. Despite high production costs, Chinese-owned mines in Zimbabwe continue operations, often at a loss, due to the strategic importance of securing lithium supplies. Chinese companies also absorb some of these costs through downstream activities, including battery production, which helps maintain a steady flow of raw materials for the EV and battery sectors.

Australian Mines and Battery Maker Support

In Australia, where lithium extraction costs are also high, some companies have maintained production with support from battery manufacturers. Australian miner Mineral Resources, for instance, has kept its higher-cost mines running, partially offsetting losses with other profitable mineral production. Similarly, Liontown Resources has kept its Kathleen Valley mine operational, bolstered by a $250 million investment from South Korean battery maker LG Energy Solution.

GM to Sell Stake in Battery Cell Plant to LG Energy Solution for $1 Billion

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General Motors (GM) has announced its decision to sell its stake in a $2.6 billion electric vehicle (EV) battery cell plant in Lansing, Michigan, to its joint venture partner, LG Energy Solution (LGES). The Detroit-based automaker expects to recoup approximately $1 billion from the sale, which is part of a nonbinding agreement between the two companies. This transaction is expected to be completed in the first quarter of 2024.

The Lansing facility, a 2.8 million-square-foot plant, is nearly finished and was initially planned to be the third battery cell production site for their joint venture, Ultium Cells LLC, following operational plants in Ohio and Tennessee. The plant was first announced in January 2022, and GM and LGES formed their partnership five years ago.

GM’s decision to sell its stake is driven by the need to adjust production to meet current EV market conditions, including slower-than-expected consumer demand and uncertainties surrounding federal incentives for EV manufacturing and sales in the U.S. under President-elect Donald Trump. However, GM emphasized that the sale would not affect its overall stake in the joint venture or its plans for a separate joint venture with LGES competitor Samsung SDI.

Paul Jacobson, GM’s Chief Financial Officer, expressed confidence that the deal would enable the automaker to continue growing in the EV market efficiently. He stated, “We believe we have the right cell and manufacturing capabilities in place to grow with the EV market in a capital efficient manner.” Jacobson added that the sale would also help LG Energy Solution meet growing demand by utilizing the nearly ready Lansing facility.

Following the sale, LGES will gain immediate access to the Lansing plant to begin installing equipment, as the facility prepares for operations, expected by the end of 2023. The plant currently employs around 100 people.

In addition to the sale, GM also revealed it is extending its 14-year battery technology partnership with LGES to develop prismatic cells, an emerging battery form factor. Prismatic cells, which are flat and rectangular, offer more efficient space utilization within battery modules and packs. GM highlighted that these cells could reduce the weight and cost of EVs while simplifying the manufacturing process.

Kurt Kelty, GM’s vice president of battery cell and pack, noted, “We’re focused on optimizing our battery technology by developing the right battery chemistries and form factors to improve EV performance, enhance safety, and reduce costs.” The expansion of GM’s battery technologies will also include prismatic cells in addition to its current Ultium pouch-style cells.