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Universal and Warner Music Close to Striking Landmark AI Licensing Deals

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Universal Music Group (UMG) and Warner Music Group (WMG) are reportedly on the verge of signing major artificial intelligence licensing agreements that could reshape how music is used and monetized in the AI era, according to a Financial Times report published Thursday.

Sources familiar with the discussions said that both music giants could finalize their deals within weeks, as they negotiate with a mix of AI start-ups and major tech companies.

Among the start-ups in talks are ElevenLabs, Stability AI, Suno, Udio, and Klay Vision. The labels are also in advanced discussions with industry heavyweights such as Alphabet’s Google and Spotify, according to the report.

Neither Universal, Warner, Google, nor Spotify immediately responded to Reuters’ requests for comment.

TOWARD A NEW MUSIC-AI BUSINESS MODEL

The potential deals represent a pivotal moment for the music industry, which has long battled unauthorized AI-generated content and the use of copyrighted works to train generative models. If completed, the agreements would establish a formal licensing framework allowing AI firms to access and use songs legally — for both music generation and AI model training.

Negotiations have reportedly focused on creating a payment system modeled after music streaming royalties, where every use or AI-generated playback of a song would trigger a micropayment to rights holders.

LEGAL AND ETHICAL PRESSURES ON AI FIRMS

The rise of generative AI has fueled a surge in lawsuits from artists and rights holders, accusing companies of using copyrighted material without consent or compensation. These potential licensing deals could help defuse legal tensions while providing a new revenue stream for record labels.

AI companies like ElevenLabs and Suno have been pushing the boundaries of voice synthesis and music generation, raising ethical questions about authorship and originality. By formalizing partnerships with major labels, these firms could legitimize AI-created music and ensure artists receive compensation.

A LANDMARK SHIFT FOR THE INDUSTRY

If finalized, these agreements would mark the first large-scale AI licensing model in the global music industry — a step that could influence how other creative sectors handle the intersection between AI and copyright.

Music industry observers say such deals could become a template for balancing innovation with intellectual property protection, ensuring that the creative ecosystem adapts rather than resists AI’s growing influence.

Spotify Founder Daniel Ek to Step Down as CEO, Shift Focus to Long-Term Strategy

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Daniel Ek, the billionaire founder and CEO of Spotify, will step down in January to become executive chairman, the company announced Tuesday. The move comes as the Swedish streaming giant adopts a co-CEO structure to strengthen its competitive position and improve profitability.

Ek, who founded Spotify in 2006 and built it into a global streaming powerhouse with nearly 700 million monthly users, will now focus on capital allocation and long-term strategy rather than daily operations. “I will be more involved than a typical U.S. chairman,” he said. “Think of it like moving from a player to a coach.”

Analysts say Ek departs the CEO role “on a high note,” though his successors face a challenging landscape as Spotify contends with Apple Music, YouTube Music, and Amazon Music. Shares of Spotify fell about 5% following the announcement, though they remain up 63% this year.

Spotify remains the clear market leader, offering over 100 million tracks, but it continues to face pressure on profit margins as artists demand higher royalties and its ad-supported tier grows. Despite this, Spotify reported its first annual profit in 2024, aided by price hikes and cost-cutting.

Under the new structure, Gustav Soderstrom, currently chief product and technology officer, and Alex Norstrom, chief business officer, will serve as co-CEOs. The two have worked alongside Ek for over 15 years. “Norstrom is deeply interested in product, and I’m very interested in business,” said Soderstrom. “So we run this as a single team.”

Analysts are divided on the co-CEO model, which has been used by companies like Oracle and Netflix to manage increasingly complex global operations. Dan Coatsworth of AJ Bell cautioned that “too many cooks spoil the broth,” questioning the need for both an executive chairman and two chief executives.

Founded in Stockholm, Spotify revolutionized the music industry, helping reverse years of decline caused by piracy and falling CD sales. By 2024, global recorded music revenues reached $29.6 billion, with streaming surpassing $20 billion for the first time—half of it from subscriptions.

Ek’s new role cements his transition from visionary founder to strategic steward, as Spotify enters a new phase defined by AI integration, rising competition, and evolving media consumption.

Klarna Valued at Nearly $20 Billion in Strong NYSE Debut

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Klarna made a powerful entrance on the New York Stock Exchange, with shares surging 30% in their debut to $52, well above the IPO price of $40. The rally valued the Swedish buy-now, pay-later (BNPL) fintech at $19.65 billion, capping a long-awaited U.S. listing and signaling renewed momentum in the IPO market.

The company and its investors sold 34.3 million shares, raising $1.17 billion for selling shareholders including Sequoia Capital and Heartland A/S, while the IPO itself valued Klarna at $15.1 billion. CEO Sebastian Siemiatkowski, who owns about 7% of the firm, did not sell shares.

The listing is the largest by a Swedish company since Spotify in 2018 and leads a busy IPO week, with seven firms — including the Winklevoss twins’ crypto exchange Gemini — preparing to go public in New York. Analysts say Klarna’s successful debut could encourage more fintechs to test the market after years of tariff-driven volatility and stalled listings.

Founded in 2005, Klarna helped pioneer BNPL, allowing customers to pay for online purchases in installments. Once valued at $45.6 billion in 2021, Klarna saw its worth slump to $6.7 billion in 2022 amid inflation and higher rates. The IPO signals a rebound as investors reassess BNPL’s role in a consumer market strained by sticky inflation and slowing income growth.

Klarna’s U.S. rival Affirm holds a $29 billion valuation and reported a much higher average order value of $276, compared with Klarna’s $101. While Affirm targets larger purchases with longer financing, Klarna has focused on short-term, smaller-ticket loans.

Chief Financial Officer Niclas Neglén called the IPO “an opportunity for new shareholders, our 111 million consumers and others to really partake in that journey to disrupt the financial services industry.”

The IPO may act as a bellwether for BNPL’s prospects. As analyst Brian Jacobsen put it: “Klarna’s IPO will be a thermometer, showing how hot, or not, investors think BNPL will be.”