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US Senate Passes Bill to Regulate Stablecoins, Boosting Corporate Adoption Prospects

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The U.S. Senate has approved the GENIUS Act, a bill establishing a regulatory framework for stablecoins, marking a significant milestone for the growing segment of cryptocurrency designed to maintain stable value, typically pegged 1:1 to the U.S. dollar. The bill’s passage is seen as a key step toward broader adoption of stablecoins by corporations worldwide.

Stablecoins facilitate crypto traders’ movement of funds between tokens, but clearer regulations have been lacking. The bill now moves to the Republican-controlled House of Representatives, where its version must pass before heading to former President Donald Trump’s desk for signing.

If enacted, the law will require stablecoins to be fully backed by liquid assets—such as U.S. dollars and short-term Treasury bills—and mandate issuers to publicly disclose monthly reserve compositions. Analysts believe this regulatory clarity could unlock wider use by companies across multiple sectors.

Several major firms are already engaged or exploring stablecoin initiatives globally:

  • Major U.S. Banks:
    Bank of America CEO Brian Moynihan has indicated possible stablecoin launches. Morgan Stanley seeks to work with regulators on crypto-related transaction roles. Both remain cautious, focusing on pilot programs or partnerships.

  • Societe Generale (France):
    Plans to issue a publicly tradable, dollar-backed stablecoin via its digital asset subsidiary.

  • Retail Giants Walmart and Amazon:
    Reports suggest recent exploration of stablecoin issuance, though Walmart denies current plans and Amazon has not commented.

  • Banco Santander (Spain):
    Considering digital asset expansion including early-stage stablecoin projects.

  • Crypto and Fintech Firms:
    World Liberty Financial launched a dollar-pegged stablecoin USD1 this year. PayPal released a U.S. dollar stablecoin in August 2023. Circle Internet’s USDC and Paxos’ stablecoins are among the largest. Tether’s USDT remains the largest by market cap, followed by MakerDAO’s DAI.

The GENIUS Act’s passage signals increasing regulatory acceptance of stablecoins, potentially accelerating their integration into mainstream corporate finance and payment systems.

Societe Generale Becomes First Major Bank to Launch Dollar-Pegged Stablecoin

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France’s Societe Generale announced plans to launch “USD CoinVertible,” a dollar-backed stablecoin through its digital asset subsidiary SG-FORGE, marking the first time a major global bank enters the dollar-pegged stablecoin market. The new cryptocurrency will be issued on both the Ethereum and Solana blockchains, with public trading set to commence in July.

Stablecoins, which are cryptocurrencies pegged to traditional currencies such as the U.S. dollar, allow for the movement of significant funds across blockchain networks without relying on conventional banking systems. The sector has rapidly expanded, led by crypto company Tether, which has issued $155 billion worth of its dollar-backed tokens.

SG-FORGE previously launched a euro-backed stablecoin in 2023, but adoption has been limited, with only €41.8 million ($47.6 million) in circulation. Unlike unregulated counterparts, SocGen’s stablecoins will be classified as e-money tokens and regulated under the EU’s Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation (MiCA), adopted in 2023. Tether, by contrast, does not hold a MiCA license to operate within the EU.

Jean-Marc Stenger, CEO of SG-FORGE, emphasized strong market demand for a regulated dollar-based stablecoin, noting significant interest from corporate clients, financial institutions, and crypto exchanges seeking reliable and compliant offerings. “At the moment, there are no other banking-related players in that space,” Stenger said.

Stablecoin issuers typically hold customer deposits in dollars and invest them into yield-bearing assets such as government bonds for profit. Bank of New York Mellon (BNY) will act as custodian for SG-FORGE’s reserves, which will initially be held in cash before being allocated to other investments.

SG-FORGE’s USD CoinVertible will serve multiple functions including crypto trading, cross-border payments, foreign exchange transactions, and collateral management. While specific exchange listings have not yet been disclosed, the company stated that over 15 crypto exchanges and brokers are onboarding as clients.

In the United States, stablecoin regulation is also gaining momentum, with Congress preparing to adopt new legislation. Bank of America has signaled potential interest in launching its own stablecoin, and other major banks are considering joint initiatives.

Tether remains the world’s largest stablecoin issuer and recently disclosed it has become the seventh largest buyer of U.S. government debt in 2024 through its extensive Treasury holdings. Meanwhile, the second-largest stablecoin issuer, Circle, went public on the U.S. stock market on June 5, with its shares surging 48% shortly after listing.

Despite the rapid growth, regulators continue to caution that stablecoins could pose risks to financial stability by linking traditional finance with the more volatile cryptocurrency markets.

Stablecoins’ Mainstream Rise Could Shake U.S. Treasury Bill Market Amid Regulatory Push

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As stablecoins move closer to mainstream acceptance, segments of the U.S. Treasury market, particularly short-term securities like Treasury bills (T-bills), could face increased volatility due to their growing ties with the cryptocurrency world.

Congress is on the verge of passing legislation that would establish a clear regulatory framework for stablecoins—dollar-pegged cryptocurrencies widely used by traders to shift funds between tokens. Proponents say the new rules will legitimize the sector and encourage more stablecoin activity, which could boost demand for short-term U.S. government debt, considered cash equivalents by many investors.

However, some experts warn that this growing crypto footprint could amplify instability in the T-bill market. Cristiano Ventricelli, senior analyst at Moody’s, cautioned that sudden loss of confidence or regulatory pressure could trigger massive liquidations by stablecoin issuers, potentially depressing Treasury prices and disrupting fixed-income markets. A problem in stablecoins could spill over into broader financial markets, affecting institutions relying on stablecoin liquidity.

If enacted, the legislation would require stablecoins to be backed by liquid assets like U.S. dollars and short-term Treasury bills, along with monthly transparency disclosures on reserve composition. This would likely compel stablecoin issuers such as Tether and Circle to buy more Treasury bills to back their tokens. Currently, these two companies hold approximately $166 billion in U.S. Treasuries.

The stablecoin market, currently around $247 billion, could balloon to $2 trillion by 2028 if the legislation passes, according to Standard Chartered. The Treasury market itself has about $29 trillion in securities outstanding, with $6 trillion in T-bills.

JP Morgan analysts estimate stablecoin issuers could become the third-largest buyers of Treasury bills in the near future, raising concerns about tighter links between crypto and traditional finance. The Treasury Borrowing Advisory Committee warned that growth in stablecoins might reduce banks’ demand for Treasuries and impact credit growth.

Experts also caution about potential liquidity risks. If stablecoin issuers are forced to sell Treasuries rapidly, it could cause price drops and credit crunches in money markets, which invest heavily in short-term debt.

While past stablecoin issues—like Tether’s brief loss of its dollar peg in 2022 or Circle’s 2023 peg break tied to Silicon Valley Bank’s failure—did not cause systemic market disruptions, the scale of risk could rise with wider adoption driven by federal regulation.

On the positive side, some see the legislation as a market stimulant. Matt Hougan of Bitwise Asset Management argues that codifying stablecoins will expand the global dollar footprint, strengthening the dollar’s role as the world’s reserve currency. Roger Hallam of Vanguard suggests increased demand for short-term Treasuries could encourage the U.S. Treasury to issue more T-bills instead of long-term debt, easing market tensions and balancing fiscal funding needs.