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Crypto firms’ tokenized stocks spark investor protection concerns

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Crypto companies are racing to launch stock-backed tokens, but traditional financial firms and regulators are sounding alarms over potential risks to investors and market stability.

Encouraged by President Trump’s pro-crypto policies, major players such as Robinhood, Gemini, and Kraken have rolled out tokenized stock products in Europe, with Coinbase and Dinari seeking U.S. approval. Even Nasdaq has proposed offering tokenized shares — a sign that the concept is moving into mainstream finance.

These blockchain-based instruments are designed to mirror traditional equities while enabling 24/7 trading and instant settlement. Their combined market value has surged to $412 million from just a few million a year ago, according to RWA.xyz. But critics warn that many of these products lack ownership rights, dividends, and regulatory safeguards, making them more akin to derivatives than stocks.

“There’s a real risk investors don’t know what they’re buying,” said Diego Ballon Ossio, a partner at Clifford Chance. Legal experts say inconsistent rights and disclosures across issuers could undermine market integrity.

While some firms like Kraken and Ondo Finance claim to fully back their tokens with underlying assets, others — including Robinhood’s tokens pegged to OpenAI — have faced regulatory scrutiny for using derivative structures.

Regulators in both the U.S. and Europe are divided over how to classify and supervise these products. Financial groups including Citadel Securities and SIFMA argue that tokenization should not bypass investor protection rules, warning that liquidity could fragment across unregulated markets.

Kraken Launches Tokenized U.S. Equities for 24/7 Trading Outside U.S.

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Kraken, the crypto exchange, announced Thursday it is launching tokenized versions of U.S. stocks, including Apple, Tesla, and Nvidia, allowing investors outside the U.S. to trade equities 24/7 — a step toward bridging traditional finance and blockchain.

The product, called xStocks, provides digital tokens that represent ownership of publicly traded U.S. equities. Investors won’t directly hold the underlying shares, but rather tokens that mirror the stocks’ value, offering flexibility and round-the-clock access typically unavailable in traditional stock markets.

Key Details:

  • Availability: Limited to select markets outside the U.S.

  • Trading hours: Available 24/7

  • Not offered to: U.S. customers

  • Underlying equities: Includes high-profile companies such as Apple, Tesla, and Nvidia

Kraken did not disclose which countries or jurisdictions will have access to xStocks, but the move reflects the growing interest in tokenizing real-world assets.

Why It Matters

Tokenization — issuing blockchain-based digital versions of real assets — is increasingly being seen as a tool to:

  • Expand market access globally

  • Enable fractional ownership and enhanced liquidity

  • Offer trading during non-market hours, especially useful for international investors

“Tokenized securities could radically reshape how retail and global investors access financial markets,” proponents argue.

Earlier this year, Robinhood CEO Vlad Tenev endorsed tokenization in a Washington Post op-ed, suggesting it could also open access to private markets.

Broader Context

The launch comes as enthusiasm for blockchain intensifies, partly fueled by:

  • Bitcoin’s strong performance

  • Expectations of lighter regulation under U.S. President Donald Trump

  • Growing demand to integrate traditional assets into decentralized finance (DeFi) systems

While tokenized securities are still in their early adoption phase, Kraken’s initiative places it at the forefront of hybrid finance innovation, offering a glimpse into the future of global capital markets.