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U.S. Targets Cyber Scam Networks in Myanmar and Cambodia with Sanctions

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The United States Treasury Department announced on Tuesday new sanctions against cyber scam operators in Myanmar and Cambodia, a rapidly growing industry that Washington says stole tens of billions of dollars from Americans in 2023.

Key Points of the Sanctions

  • The sanctions target nine companies and individuals in Shwe Kokko, Myanmar, and 10 entities in Cambodia, many linked to Chinese criminal networks.

  • The scams involve money laundering, illegal gambling, and fraudulent investment schemes.

  • The U.S. described the networks as relying on modern slavery practices, including debt bondage, confinement, violence, and threats of forced prostitution.

Victims and Operations

  • Hundreds of thousands of people, lured by fake job offers, were trafficked into scam compounds in Southeast Asia, especially along the Thai–Myanmar border.

  • Once inside, victims were forced to operate online scams targeting strangers globally.

  • In Cambodia, scam centers linked to crypto fraud often resembled prisons, according to Amnesty International.

Political and Security Context

  • Shwe Kokko, a hub for cyber scams, was created in 2017 by Hong Kong–registered Yatai International Holdings and the Karen National Army (KNA), an armed group allied with Myanmar’s military.

  • Both Yatai and the KNA have previously faced sanctions.

  • Following Myanmar’s 2021 military coup, scam compounds expanded from militia areas into zones under junta control.

U.S. Statement

John K. Hurley, Under Secretary for Terrorism and Financial Intelligence, emphasized:

“Southeast Asia’s cyber scam industry not only threatens the financial security of Americans, but also subjects thousands of people to modern slavery.”

Impact and Next Steps

  • The sanctions aim to cut off financial flows to these networks and raise global pressure on governments in Myanmar and Cambodia, which have been accused of turning a blind eye.

  • Both governments did not respond to Reuters’ requests for comment.

Telegram Blocks Two Massive Black Market Services Linked to Cybercrime and Money Laundering

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Telegram has shut down two major digital black markets—Xinbi Guarantee and Huione Guarantee—which collectively facilitated over $35 billion in transactions since 2021, according to blockchain analytics firm Elliptic. The services, which primarily operated in Chinese and were known hubs for cybercriminals and fraud networks, appeared inactive as of Thursday.

In a statement to Reuters, Telegram confirmed the takedowns, saying:

“Criminal activities like scamming or money laundering are forbidden by Telegram’s terms of service and are always removed whenever discovered.”

Massive Fraud Ecosystems Dismantled:

  • Xinbi Guarantee and Huione Guarantee far surpassed older dark web markets such as Silk Road, which was infamous for illegal drug distribution.

  • The platforms served as critical infrastructure for illicit services, including:

    • Stolen data trading

    • Money laundering

    • Fraudulent telecom operations

Elliptic hailed the shutdown as a major win in the fight against online fraud, calling it a “big blow for online fraudsters”.

Ties to Broader Cybercrime Networks:

  • Huione Guarantee, which once operated under the name Haowang Guarantee, is a subsidiary of Cambodia-based Huione Group, also linked to Huione Pay and Huione Crypto.

  • U.S. officials allege these entities were used by state-sponsored hacking groups, including North Korea’s Lazarus Group, which funneled more than $150,000 in cryptocurrency through Huione Pay.

Earlier this month, the U.S. Treasury Department sanctioned the Huione Group, describing it as the “marketplace of choice for malicious cyber actors,” effectively cutting it off from the U.S. financial system.

Platform Reaction and Future Concerns:

  • In a statement posted to its website, Huione Guarantee confirmed that it had been blocked by Telegram on Tuesday and would “cease operations from now on.”

  • Attempts to reach Xinbi Guarantee or Huione Group for comment were unsuccessful.

While Telegram’s move highlights growing efforts by tech platforms to combat illegal activity, analysts warn that such services may resurface under new identities unless systemic enforcement and financial sanctions continue to evolve alongside cybercrime techniques.

Tether in Talks with ‘Big Four’ Firm for Reserve Audit, CEO Says

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Tether, the largest issuer of stablecoins, is in discussions with a “Big Four” accounting firm to conduct an audit of its reserves, a move CEO Paolo Ardoino described as a priority for the company. Tether has issued over $140 billion worth of its dollar-pegged cryptocurrency, and although it has long promised an audit, the company has yet to release a full audit of its financials.

Currently, Tether provides quarterly reports on its reserves but has not undergone a full audit. Ardoino emphasized that securing an audit is now “feasible” and a top priority for the company. He did not specify which of the four major accounting firms—PwC, EY, Deloitte, or KPMG—Tether is in talks with or provide a timeline for when the audit would take place.

Ardoino also linked the feasibility of the audit to U.S. President Donald Trump’s stance on cryptocurrency. He argued that Trump’s support for digital assets could make it easier for Tether to engage with major accounting firms, in contrast to what the crypto industry has termed “Operation Chokepoint 2.0,” referring to alleged efforts by U.S. regulators to restrict access to financial services for crypto companies.

Trump, during his campaign, pledged to be a “crypto president” and has since signed an executive order to establish a strategic cryptocurrency reserve and promised regulatory reforms for digital assets. Ardoino expressed confidence that with Trump’s backing, major auditing firms would be more inclined to work with Tether.

Additionally, Tether has recently appointed Simon McWilliams as its chief financial officer to guide the company toward a comprehensive financial audit. As part of its financial activities, Tether purchased more than $33.1 billion in U.S. Treasury bills in 2024, positioning it as the seventh-largest buyer of U.S. government debt.

As of December 31, Tether’s reserves included over $94 billion in U.S. Treasury bills and more than $108 million in cash and bank deposits, according to a quarterly report compiled by BDO Italia. Ardoino also confirmed that 99% of these Treasury bills are held with Wall Street brokerage Cantor Fitzgerald, led by Howard Lutnick, who is closely connected to Trump’s administration.