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China tightens rare earths export rules, adds semiconductor and defense curbs

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China sharply expanded its rare earths export restrictions on Thursday, adding five new elements and imposing stricter controls on semiconductor and defense users, in a move seen as tightening Beijing’s grip on critical materials ahead of Trump–Xi talks later this month.

The Ministry of Commerce said the new rules include holmium, erbium, thulium, europium, and ytterbium, bringing the total number of restricted rare earths to 12. Dozens of refining technologies were also added to the control list, while foreign companies using Chinese materials or equipment will now need a Chinese export licence — even if the finished product is made abroad.

China produces over 90% of the world’s processed rare earths, which are vital for EVs, aircraft engines, radars, and advanced chips. The new curbs come amid escalating U.S.–China tech tensions, following American calls to expand chip export bans.

Beijing said the rules will take effect November 8, with extra measures for foreign users from December 1. It also stated that defense-related users will not be granted licences, and chipmakers working on 14-nanometer or smaller chips and AI with military potential will face case-by-case reviews.

“The move helps Beijing gain leverage ahead of the Trump–Xi summit,” said Tim Zhang of Edge Research. Analysts described the controls as part of a global supply chain split, with China localizing production while the U.S. and allies accelerate their own.

Shares in Chinese and U.S. rare earth firms surged on the news, as investors braced for a new phase of strategic competition over the world’s most critical materials.

ByteDance to retain 1 of 7 board seats under U.S.-China TikTok deal

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A U.S.-China agreement on the future of TikTok’s U.S. operations will give ByteDance just one of seven board seats, with the other six held by American directors, a senior White House official said on Saturday.

The deal comes after months of tense negotiations to comply with a 2024 U.S. law requiring TikTok’s American assets to be divested from its Chinese parent or face a ban by January 2025. President Donald Trump has repeatedly delayed enforcement, with the latest pause expected to be extended 120 days into April 2025.

Key details of the agreement:

  • Board structure: 7 members, 6 American + 1 ByteDance representative.

  • Data storage: All U.S. user data to be housed on Oracle-run servers inside the U.S.

  • Algorithm control: TikTok’s recommendation algorithm will be secured, retrained, and supervised in the U.S. with American data, outside of ByteDance’s control.

  • Ownership: ByteDance will retain less than 20% of TikTok U.S., while American investors hold a majority stake.

  • Operations: The U.S. entity will be managed domestically by a board with national security and cybersecurity credentials.

Trump has called the deal “well on its way” and credited TikTok for helping his reelection campaign, noting his own 15 million followers on the app. The White House also recently launched an official TikTok account.

However, lawmakers remain skeptical. Rep. Frank Pallone (D) warned:

“We cannot allow China continued access to massive amounts of Americans’ personal data, and we cannot allow Trump to hand TikTok over to his tech bro buddies and turn it into a MAGA mouthpiece.”

Questions also remain over whether the current arrangement qualifies as a “full divestiture” under U.S. law, as required by Congress. Beijing has not confirmed the level of progress, with Chinese statements emphasizing only that business negotiations should respect market rules and domestic laws.

Despite these concerns, the agreement marks a rare breakthrough in U.S.-China relations, with both sides also planning a Trump-Xi summit in South Korea in late October to discuss TikTok, trade, and security issues.

Trump and Xi advance TikTok talks, plan South Korea summit

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U.S. President Donald Trump and Chinese President Xi Jinping said they made progress toward a TikTok deal during their first phone call in three months, and agreed to meet face-to-face on October 31 in Gyeongju, South Korea, at the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum.

Trump told reporters Xi had “approved the TikTok deal,” though China’s official statement stopped short, saying only that it respected company negotiations “based on market rules.” A final agreement remains elusive, with disputes over ownership, algorithm control, and congressional approval still unresolved.

Under pressure from Congress, ByteDance must divest TikTok’s U.S. assets by January 2025 or face a nationwide ban. Trump has delayed enforcement, citing concerns about angering TikTok’s 170 million American users and disrupting political communications. He hinted the U.S. may even take a multibillion-dollar broker’s fee for helping facilitate the deal.

The call also touched on trade, fentanyl exports, and the Russia-Ukraine war. Trump said Xi indicated he wanted the conflict “ended,” though no specifics emerged. Meanwhile, Trump’s sweeping tariff hikes against China remain in place, with rates at historic highs despite limited deals earlier this year that paused tit-for-tat escalation.

For Beijing, analysts say the dynamic is favorable: China projects patience while Washington seeks quick wins on TikTok and summit optics. Critics in the U.S. warn that leaving ByteDance’s algorithm under Chinese control could still allow Beijing to influence or surveil Americans. China dismisses those concerns as unfounded.

Both sides confirmed additional leader visits in 2025: Trump to Beijing early next year, and Xi to the U.S. later. But thorny issues — from tariffs to Taiwan and the South China Sea — remain unsettled, ensuring the rivalry continues beneath the cautious diplomatic thaw.