TikTok building U.S.-only app with separate algorithm and data systems
TikTok is developing a standalone U.S. version of its platform, complete with a distinct algorithm and data system, to comply with U.S. legislation that mandates the divestment of its American operations. The project, internally known as “M2,” aims to meet a September deadline and could clear the path for a potential sale of TikTok’s U.S. business, Reuters reports, citing employees with direct knowledge.
The move involves duplicating TikTok’s codebase — including AI models, algorithms, features, and U.S. user data — from its global app to an independent U.S.-specific version. It is TikTok’s most ambitious technical separation effort to date and would represent the deepest structural divide between ByteDance’s U.S. and international operations. The U.S.-only version would function much like Douyin, TikTok’s China-specific app, and would not be visible to users outside the U.S.
The initiative responds to the 2024 law requiring ByteDance to divest TikTok or face a ban, amid long-standing U.S. concerns about data privacy and national security. While content from the current app is expected to carry over, the new recommendation engine will be trained solely on U.S. user data. This is expected to shift content visibility toward American creators and possibly limit international reach for non-U.S. influencers.
Sources revealed that since January, TikTok has been removing non-U.S. user data from Oracle’s American data centers to comply with separation demands. Meanwhile, ByteDance has worked on splitting its algorithm’s codebase — a move it previously denied.
If the technical split is completed, U.S. operations would be managed independently of TikTok’s global team, although ByteDance engineers might remain involved on a limited basis. This has raised internal questions about whether the U.S. algorithm will retain its effectiveness without access to ByteDance’s global engineering expertise.
A potential sale would involve a joint venture including American investors such as Susquehanna International Group, General Atlantic, KKR, and possibly Oracle, along with new players like Blackstone and Andreessen Horowitz. ByteDance would retain a minority stake. However, Beijing’s approval remains uncertain due to China’s export restrictions on recommendation algorithms, a key concern in the stalled 2020 negotiations.
The separation effort is unfolding against a broader backdrop of U.S.-China trade tensions. While former President Donald Trump said last week he would resume discussions with China over the sale, he admitted uncertainty over Beijing’s cooperation, adding, “I think the deal is good for China and it’s good for us.”
