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Modi and Lula Discuss Trade, U.S. Tariffs, and BRICS Strategy Amid Trump’s Economic Offensive

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Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva held a phone call on Thursday, addressing a range of issues including new U.S. tariffs targeting both nations. The discussion came just a day after Lula told Reuters he planned to raise the matter within the BRICS group — comprising Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa — to coordinate a response.

Lula confirmed he would make a state visit to India in early 2026. According to his office, both leaders reviewed the global economic climate and condemned the “unilateral tariffs” recently announced by U.S. President Donald Trump, noting that Brazil and India are currently the hardest hit.

Trump’s latest measures include an additional 25% tariff on Indian goods — raising the total duty to 50% — effective August 28, citing India’s continued purchases of Russian oil. Brazil faces a 50% tariff on most exports, with smaller increases for sectors such as aircraft, energy, and orange juice. Trump linked the move to what he described as a “witch hunt” against former President Jair Bolsonaro, who is on trial for an alleged coup plot after his 2022 election loss.

During their conversation, Modi and Lula reiterated their ambition to boost bilateral trade to over $20 billion annually by 2030, up from roughly $12 billion last year. They agreed to expand the preferential trade agreement between India and the South American trade bloc Mercosur and explored cooperation on digital payment systems.

While Modi’s statement did not explicitly mention Trump or U.S. tariffs, it confirmed that both leaders exchanged views on regional and global issues. India is signaling a possible shift in foreign policy following Washington’s tariff escalation, with Modi preparing for his first visit to China in over seven years — a move that could indicate a strategic rebalancing.

Sberbank Plans AI Collaboration with China Amid DeepSeek’s Rise

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Sberbank, Russia’s largest bank, is set to collaborate with Chinese researchers on artificial intelligence (AI) projects, a top executive revealed, following the groundbreaking success of China’s DeepSeek AI model. DeepSeek, which has created a highly cost-effective AI model, has shaken up the tech landscape, challenging the dominance of U.S. companies like Nvidia. This move reflects the growing collaboration between Russia and China, which share a “no limits” strategic partnership, particularly in the realm of AI.

Under CEO German Gref, Sberbank has transitioned from its bureaucratic past as a Soviet-era state savings bank into a leader in AI innovation. In 2023, the bank launched its own AI model, GigaChat, and is now focusing on joint research projects with China. Alexander Vedyakhin, Sberbank’s First Deputy CEO, confirmed the plans but refrained from naming specific Chinese research partners. The partnership is expected to strengthen the scientific ties between the two countries, in line with Russia’s broader push to expand cooperation with China in areas such as military AI applications.

DeepSeek’s innovative, low-cost AI models have caused a stir globally, with investors now viewing them as serious competition for U.S. tech giants. The potential Russia-China AI alliance could further disrupt the global AI sector, especially as the race between China and the U.S. for AI supremacy intensifies. The shared vision of Presidents Vladimir Putin and Xi Jinping, who view the West as in decline, could fuel further collaboration in emerging technologies like AI, quantum computing, and synthetic biology.

Despite facing sanctions, Russia is eager to build AI partnerships with China and other BRICS nations to counterbalance U.S. dominance. However, Russia’s own AI progress remains difficult to gauge, as some projects are classified. Additionally, both Russia and China struggle with limited domestic computing power due to sanctions, prompting efforts to seek alternative methods to stay competitive in the AI race.

Sberbank’s comparison of its GigaChat MAX model to DeepSeek’s offerings reveals that while DeepSeek excels in scientific tasks, GigaChat remains competitive in the banking sector. Vedyakhin acknowledged DeepSeek’s success as proof that quality AI models can be built without massive investments in infrastructure, such as the U.S. megaproject Stargate. Sberbank, like DeepSeek, has made most of its AI platforms publicly accessible, including its text-to-image model, Kandinsky, and GigaChat Lite, which reflects a more transparent approach than that of OpenAI, drawing a large community.

 

Putin Orders Enhanced AI Cooperation with China Amid Sanctions

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Russian President Vladimir Putin has directed the government and the country’s largest bank, Sberbank, to strengthen cooperation with China in the field of artificial intelligence (AI). This order, which was published on the Kremlin’s website on Wednesday, comes three weeks after Putin revealed plans for Russia to collaborate with BRICS nations and other global partners on AI development.

The directive to Sberbank, the leading institution driving Russia’s AI initiatives, emphasizes the need to further cooperation with China in technological research and development in AI. This move is seen as part of Russia’s strategy to overcome technological barriers imposed by Western sanctions, which have significantly hindered Russia’s access to essential microchips and AI resources, crucial for sustaining its ongoing conflict with Ukraine.

In 2023, Sberbank CEO German Gref admitted that the scarcity of graphics processing units (GPUs), the critical hardware for AI, posed one of the biggest challenges for Russia. The sanctions have disrupted the supply of GPUs, which are primarily produced by Western companies, thus limiting Russia’s ability to advance in AI technology.

By deepening ties with non-Western nations, Russia aims to challenge the United States’ dominance in the AI sector, which is considered one of the most strategic and transformative technologies of the 21st century. Putin also announced the formation of an AI Alliance Network on December 11, intended to bring together experts from BRICS countries and other interested nations to foster innovation in this field.

Currently, Russia ranks 31st out of 83 countries in terms of AI implementation, innovation, and investment, according to Tortoise Media’s Global AI Index. This places Russia behind not only the United States and China but also fellow BRICS members such as India and Brazil.