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Italy Targets Meta, X, and LinkedIn in Landmark Tax Case

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Italy has initiated a landmark tax case, issuing VAT claims against Meta, X, and LinkedIn. The case, which could have widespread implications for the tech industry in Europe, challenges how social networks provide services and treat user data as taxable transactions.

Tax Claims Against Tech Giants

Italy’s tax authorities are claiming substantial amounts from the three U.S. tech giants: Meta (887.6 million euros), X (12.5 million euros), and LinkedIn (140 million euros). These claims span from 2015 to 2022, although the immediate focus is on the years 2015 and 2016, for which claims are set to expire soon.

The Controversial Issue: VAT on Free Services

The central issue in the case revolves around the way these companies provide access to their platforms. Italian authorities argue that the act of users registering on Meta, X, and LinkedIn should be considered a taxable transaction since it involves the exchange of personal data for access to membership accounts.

Meta has strongly opposed this view, asserting that providing access to online platforms should not be subject to VAT. LinkedIn and X have remained silent or unavailable for comment on the matter.

Potential Impact Across the European Union

The case could have wider ramifications across the EU, as VAT is a harmonized tax across member states. Experts suggest that the ruling may force tech companies to reconsider their business models, particularly those offering “free” services that require users to accept profiling cookies. This development could potentially extend to other industries, including airlines and publishers, which rely on similar business practices.

The Path Forward: Court or Settlement?

This is the first time that Italy has issued formal tax assessment notices without reaching a settlement agreement. The companies now have 60 days to appeal the claims, after which they may go to court—a process that could take up to 10 years in Italy. Alternatively, the tax authorities could drop the claims for technical or political reasons, or the companies could agree to pay some of the contested amounts while seeking further assessment from the European Commission.

Italy’s Talks with Musk’s Starlink Stalled Over Geopolitical Tensions

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Negotiations between the Italian government and Elon Musk’s satellite internet company, Starlink, have stalled, according to Italy’s Defense Minister Guido Crosetto. The potential contract, which could have seen Starlink provide secure communications for Italy’s government and defense officials, has been delayed due to shifting discussions from technical issues to political concerns surrounding Musk’s statements and associations.

Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni’s government had been exploring a deal with Starlink to guarantee encrypted communications for diplomats and defense officials in high-risk areas. The proposed deal, valued at 1.5 billion euros ($1.62 billion) over five years, would have seen Starlink’s satellite services expand in Italy, where the company has been operating since 2021 with around 7,000 low-orbit satellites in use globally. However, tensions have arisen due to opposition from Italian politicians questioning the appropriateness of granting a national security contract to a foreign businessman with strong ties to U.S. President Donald Trump.

Crosetto emphasized that discussions should return to a technical level once the political tensions subside, stating that the ultimate goal is to determine what is safest and most useful for Italy’s national security. He referred to Musk as a “visionary genius” but acknowledged the complex political context surrounding the deal.

The situation also reflects the broader geopolitical balancing act that Meloni’s government faces as it navigates Italy’s alliance with the United States. Meloni’s coalition partner, the far-right League, has continued to support both Musk and Trump, putting additional pressure on the government.

Meanwhile, Andrea Stroppa, a representative for Musk in Italy, suggested that while Italy and its European partners should consider developing their own satellite infrastructure, Starlink could offer the most viable solution in the short term to meet urgent operational needs.

French Battery Maker ACC Welcomes EU Auto Sector Support, but Expresses Concern Over Timeliness

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Automotive Cells Company (ACC), a French battery manufacturer, expressed its support for the European Union’s action plan to bolster the auto sector, but also voiced concerns that the measures may arrive too late to address current challenges.

The European Commission recently introduced an action plan aimed at helping the auto industry achieve zero carbon emissions from cars and vans by 2035. A key element of this plan is the allocation of 1.8 billion euros ($1.94 billion) to help secure the supply chains for battery raw materials.

While ACC, a joint venture between Stellantis, Mercedes, and TotalEnergies, welcomed the medium-term support outlined in the plan, the company raised concerns about the urgency of the situation. In a LinkedIn post, ACC noted, “Nevertheless, we fear that the urgency of the situation we are currently going through is not being considered. To benefit from it, we will have to have managed to survive until then.”

ACC has been forced to scale back its battery production ambitions amid uncertainties surrounding electric vehicle demand in Europe and the rise of more affordable battery technologies. The company initially planned to build nine production blocks by 2030 across France, Germany, and Italy, supported by a 7.3 billion euro investment. However, the projects in Germany and Italy have been put on hold, and currently, only one block in France is operational, producing batteries for Stellantis. A second block is expected to begin operations by the end of the year.