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FTC Probes Media Matters Over Alleged Role in X Advertiser Boycott

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The U.S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) has opened an investigation into Media Matters, demanding documents about potential coordination with other watchdog groups accused by Elon Musk of organizing advertiser boycotts targeting X, the social media platform formerly known as Twitter.

According to a document reviewed by Reuters, the FTC issued a civil investigative demand (CID) requesting details about Media Matters’ communications with groups like the Global Alliance for Responsible Media (GARM)—a now-disbanded initiative under the World Federation of Advertisers. Both organizations are also being sued by Musk’s company for allegedly coordinating an illegal boycott of X.

The investigation is focused on whether Media Matters and other entities colluded to pressure advertisers into pulling ad spending from X, which Musk acquired in 2022.

Escalation Under Trump-Era FTC Chair

The probe reflects a shift in priorities under FTC Chairman Andrew Ferguson, appointed by President Donald Trump. In December, Ferguson stated:

“We must prosecute any unlawful collusion between online platforms, and confront advertiser boycotts which threaten competition among those platforms.”

The FTC has not made any formal accusations, and a CID is not an indication of wrongdoing. However, the demand signals that federal regulators are scrutinizing possible anticompetitive conduct in the ad industry amid rising political and legal tensions between progressive media groups and Musk-led platforms.

Media Matters Responds

Angelo Carusone, President of Media Matters, condemned the probe:

“The Trump administration has been defined by naming right-wing media figures to key posts and abusing the power of the federal government to bully political opponents and silence critics.”

“These threats won’t work; we remain steadfast to our mission.”

Media Matters is engaged in two legal battles with X—defending itself from a 2023 defamation lawsuit and pursuing its own case accusing X of retaliatory litigation tactics.

Background and Broader Legal Context

  • X sued Media Matters in 2023 for publishing reports that showed major brand ads appearing next to extremist content on the platform.

  • Media Matters countersued, alleging that Musk’s company was trying to silence critical reporting with costly, meritless lawsuits.

  • X also sued the World Federation of Advertisers and major brands in Texas federal court, alleging unlawful conspiracy to limit advertising.

  • The U.S. House Judiciary Committee, chaired by Rep. Jim Jordan, has previously accused GARM of coordinating an illegal group boycott. The initiative was shut down in August 2023.

Market Context

While X has struggled with declining ad revenue since Musk’s takeover, research by Emarketer suggests ad spending could increase in 2025, although it still remains below pre-acquisition levels.

Elon Musk, a major Trump campaign donor, has been publicly vocal about alleged efforts to suppress conservative voices and crypto innovation, while also pushing a broader federal workforce reduction initiative.

FTC Drops Microsoft–Activision Blizzard Case, Ending Challenge to $69 Billion Merger

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The U.S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) has formally dropped its legal case against Microsoft’s $69 billion acquisition of Activision Blizzard, bringing a definitive end to one of the most high-profile antitrust challenges in the gaming industry.

The FTC announced Thursday that it would not pursue further legal action, citing that continuing the case was “not in the public interest.” The decision comes after the agency lost an appeal on May 7 to block the deal, which officially closed in 2023.

The acquisition—the largest in gaming history—gives Microsoft control over blockbuster franchises such as Call of Duty, World of Warcraft, and Candy Crush, solidifying its dominance in both console and cloud-based gaming.

Shifting Priorities Under New FTC Leadership

FTC Chairman Andrew Ferguson, recently appointed by President Donald Trump, is redirecting the agency’s focus toward matters aligned with the current administration’s priorities. This includes:

  • A probe into advertiser collusion on Elon Musk’s X platform (formerly Twitter), as first reported by Reuters.

  • Ending legacy antitrust efforts, including a price discrimination case against PepsiCo, also dropped Thursday.

This pivot marks a departure from the aggressive antitrust posture of Ferguson’s predecessor, Lina Khan, who launched the Activision challenge over concerns that Microsoft might use the acquisition to suppress competition in the gaming sector—particularly via Xbox exclusivity and its Game Pass subscription service.

Microsoft’s Response

In a statement, Microsoft President Brad Smith praised the FTC’s decision, calling it:

“A victory for players across the country and for common sense in Washington, D.C.”

Microsoft has repeatedly argued that the merger will benefit consumers, pledging to keep popular titles like Call of Duty available across platforms, including Sony’s PlayStation.

Background and Legal Outcome

Though the FTC initially failed to secure a preliminary injunction to halt the deal before closing, it retained the option to pursue a post-closing trial in July 2025 aimed at unwinding the acquisition. That option is now off the table.

The deal had already secured regulatory approval in the EU and U.K., the latter after Microsoft agreed to restructure parts of the acquisition, such as cloud gaming rights.

With the FTC now stepping aside, the merger’s legal battles appear fully resolved, cementing Microsoft’s expanded position in the global gaming industry.

U.S. DOJ Probes Google Over Licensing Deal with Character.AI

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The U.S. Department of Justice is investigating whether Google’s licensing deal with AI startup Character.AI violated antitrust laws, according to a report by Bloomberg Law. The probe focuses on whether the deal was deliberately structured to sidestep formal merger review processes.

Key Points:

  • Nature of the Deal: In 2023, Google secured a non-exclusive license to Character.AI’s large language model (LLM) technology and subsequently hired the company’s co-founders, Noam Shazeer and Daniel De Freitas—both former Google engineers.

  • Regulatory Concern: Antitrust officials are questioning if this agreement—despite not involving an acquisition—effectively gave Google undue influence or control over Character.AI’s technology, potentially undermining market competition in the fast-growing generative AI sector.

  • Google’s Response: A spokesperson stated that Google has no ownership stake in Character.AI and that the company remains independent. “We’re always happy to answer any questions from regulators,” the spokesperson said.

  • Ongoing Scrutiny: The probe is at an early stage and may not result in formal action, but it signals heightened regulatory vigilance over AI partnerships. The DOJ can still act if the deal is deemed anti-competitive, even without triggering a formal merger review.

  • Industry Trend: Similar AI talent and technology acquisition strategies have been employed by:

    • Microsoft, which paid $650 million to license Inflection AI’s models and onboard its team.

    • Amazon, which hired Adept’s co-founders and staff in 2023.
      Both deals have also drawn regulatory interest.

  • Broader Context: Google is already facing two major antitrust lawsuits from the DOJ targeting its dominance in search and digital advertising. Earlier this month, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) supported a proposal requiring Google to share its search data with rivals.

Strategic Implications:

The inquiry reflects regulators’ growing concern that Big Tech may be circumventing antitrust oversight through creative structuring of AI-related partnerships. As companies compete to lead in generative AI, expect increased scrutiny on licensing, hiring, and technology transfer deals that could entrench market power.