U.S. lawmakers and former national security officials are pushing back against President Donald Trump’s decision to allow Nvidia to sell its H200 artificial intelligence chips to China, warning the move could weaken America’s AI advantage and bolster Beijing’s military capabilities.
The Trump administration on Tuesday formally approved China-bound sales of Nvidia’s H200, the company’s second most powerful AI processor, setting the stage for shipments to resume despite long-standing concerns in Washington over national security risks.
At a congressional hearing, Matt Pottinger, a former White House Asia adviser during Trump’s first term, said the administration was on the “wrong track” and argued that selling advanced AI chips to China would “supercharge Beijing’s military modernization.” He warned the chips could enhance capabilities ranging from nuclear weapons development to cyber warfare, autonomous drones and intelligence operations, urging Congress to impose stricter guardrails.
Several Republican lawmakers voiced unease. Congressman Michael McCaul said the United States should not be selling sensitive technology to a country that routinely steals American intellectual property. Democratic lawmakers were more direct, with Congressman Gabe Amo likening the policy shift to “handing our opponents our coordinates in the middle of a battle.”
The administration has defended the decision, with White House AI czar David Sacks arguing that controlled sales could discourage Chinese firms such as Huawei from accelerating efforts to develop rival chips. Pottinger dismissed that logic as unrealistic.
Under the new rules, chips exported to China must undergo third-party testing, and China cannot receive more than 50% of the volume sold to U.S. customers. Nvidia must also certify sufficient domestic supply, while Chinese buyers are required to demonstrate security safeguards and pledge not to use the chips for military purposes.
Some lawmakers acknowledged these safeguards. Congressman Brian Mast, who chairs the House Foreign Affairs Committee, said “know your customer” provisions were significant. Others remained skeptical, noting the rules rely heavily on self-reporting by Chinese buyers and would add strain to the Commerce Department, which oversees export controls.
Adding to the uncertainty, Reuters reported that Chinese customs officials recently indicated Nvidia’s H200 chips were not permitted to enter the country, raising questions about how quickly shipments could actually resume.
