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NASA’s SPHEREx Telescope Set for Launch on SpaceX Falcon 9 to Unravel the Mysteries of Cosmic Evolution

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NASA is preparing to launch its latest infrared space telescope, SPHEREx (Spectro-Photometer for the History of the Universe, Epoch of Reionization, and Ices Explorer), on February 28. The $488 million mission will lift off from Vandenberg Space Force Base in California aboard a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket. SPHEREx is designed to scan the entire sky in infrared light, capturing data from over 450 million galaxies and 100 million stars in the Milky Way. Its observations will target regions of the universe that are typically too distant or faint for conventional telescopes, offering an unprecedented look at cosmic history.

One of SPHEREx’s key scientific goals is to investigate cosmic inflation, the rapid expansion of the universe that took place within the first second after the Big Bang. By mapping large-scale structures in space, the telescope will help astronomers understand how galaxies formed and evolved over billions of years. Additionally, SPHEREx will search for icy molecules in interstellar space, providing crucial data on the origins of water and organic compounds essential for life. Scientists believe these insights could deepen our understanding of planetary system formation and the potential for habitability beyond Earth.

From a technical perspective, SPHEREx is an advanced yet compact observatory. Weighing approximately 500 kilograms, it operates on 270 to 300 watts of power and is equipped with a cutting-edge spectrophotometer. This instrument can detect 102 different wavelengths of infrared light, allowing it to identify unique chemical signatures across vast cosmic distances. According to NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), this capability will enable SPHEREx to create a detailed spectral map of the sky, helping researchers decipher the composition of celestial objects.

Beyond its planned objectives, SPHEREx may also yield unexpected discoveries. James Fanson, the mission’s Project Manager at JPL, told NPR that the telescope’s extensive dataset could lead to breakthroughs in areas not yet anticipated. As scientists analyze SPHEREx’s observations, they hope to uncover new insights into the structure and evolution of the universe, potentially reshaping our understanding of cosmic history.

SpaceX Falcon 9 Deploys 23 Starlink Satellites, Achieves New Booster Reusability Milestone

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On January 24, 2025, SpaceX successfully launched 23 Starlink satellites into orbit, marking its 11th Falcon 9 mission of the year. The rocket lifted off from Vandenberg Space Force Base at 9:07 a.m. EST, delivering its payload to low Earth orbit. Following stage separation, the Falcon 9’s first-stage booster executed a precise landing on the drone ship Of Course I Still Love You in the Pacific Ocean. This achievement marks the 401st successful recovery of an orbital-class booster, further solidifying SpaceX’s dominance in reusable rocket technology.

Falcon 9 Booster Achieves 23rd Flight

According to SpaceX, the booster supporting this mission completed its 23rd successful launch and landing, setting a new record for Falcon 9 reusability. Of its previous missions, 14 were dedicated to Starlink deployments. The rocket’s upper stage deployed the satellites approximately 64 minutes after liftoff, further advancing SpaceX’s efforts in cost-efficient spaceflight. This milestone underscores the company’s ongoing refinement of booster reuse, a crucial factor in reducing launch costs and increasing mission frequency.

Starlink’s Ever-Growing Satellite Constellation

With this latest deployment, the Starlink constellation continues its rapid expansion. This mission represents the seventh Starlink launch of 2025, pushing the total number of operational satellites beyond 6,900. Astrophysicist and satellite tracker Jonathan McDowell noted that SpaceX’s ongoing launches are enabling faster global coverage, bringing high-speed internet access to underserved regions worldwide.

Paving the Way for Future Missions

As SpaceX scales up its Starlink network, the company remains focused on increasing satellite capabilities and launch efficiency. Future missions are expected to incorporate advanced satellite models with enhanced connectivity and inter-satellite communication. With Falcon 9’s continued reusability improvements, SpaceX is paving the way for even more ambitious spaceflight endeavors, including upcoming crewed missions and deep-space exploration.

SpaceX’s Rise Under Trump 2.0 Welcomed by Asia’s No. 1 Satellite Company

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For SKY Perfect JSAT (9412.T), Asia’s leading satellite company, the rise of Elon Musk’s SpaceX under the second Donald Trump presidency is not seen as a challenge but rather as an opportunity, according to the company’s president, Eiichi Yonekura. The Japanese firm plans to deepen its relationship with SpaceX, especially after announcing a $230 million investment in Planet Labs’ low-Earth orbit satellite Pelican, aimed at expanding its satellite imagery business.

Yonekura emphasized that the rapid advancements of SpaceX have been instrumental to the growth of JSAT, citing the company’s reliance on SpaceX rockets to launch its satellites into space. He added that the relationship has been beneficial, as the company is “probably the biggest SpaceX customer in Asia” and is set to expand its satellite operations with the launch of Planet Labs’ Pelicans, which will use SpaceX’s Falcon 9 for their deployments.

Musk’s close ties with Trump are also believed to have had an influence on U.S. space policies, with a stronger emphasis on Mars exploration. Reports suggest that the Trump administration may eliminate the National Space Council, a move that could potentially benefit SpaceX due to Musk’s lobbying efforts.

JSAT, which operates 17 geosynchronous communication satellites—the largest fleet in Asia—plans to enter the low-orbit satellite business by constructing a constellation of 10 Planet Pelicans by 2027. The company aims to generate 23 billion yen ($151 million) in revenue from satellite data services by fiscal year 2030, primarily from national security clients.

SpaceX’s development of the reusable Falcon 9 booster has revolutionized the cost structure of satellite launches, helping to lower costs significantly. While JSAT currently depends heavily on SpaceX for launches, Yonekura noted that if access to SpaceX boosters were to be restricted, JSAT would consider working with long-time European partner Arianespace or Japan’s Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, whose H3 rocket is expected to become competitive within the next four to five years.