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Chinese Automaker Xpeng Pivots to “Physical AI” Strategy Amid Intensifying Competition

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Chinese electric vehicle maker Xpeng said it aims to reposition itself as a “physical AI” company rather than a traditional carmaker, as it prepares to launch street trials of robotaxis and begin mass production of humanoid robots, reflecting a broader shift in the auto industry toward artificial intelligence.

Speaking at an event in Guangzhou on Thursday, founder and Chief Executive He Xiaopeng said deep integration of AI — including Xpeng’s in-house “Turing” AI chip — would help the company stand out in China’s fiercely competitive auto market. Xpeng is one of China’s top-selling EV startups and a technology partner of Volkswagen.

“Xpeng definitely does not want to become a car company that simply sells hardware cheaply,” He said. “We want to become a global technology company, a company with strong differentiation.”

The strategy mirrors efforts by Tesla, led by Elon Musk, which has expanded into robotaxis and humanoid robots as AI adoption accelerates worldwide. Highlighting the growing focus on physical AI, Arm Holdings told Reuters this week it had reorganized to create a dedicated physical AI unit targeting robotics.

Other Chinese automakers are pursuing similar paths. Li Auto announced an AI-focused repositioning in 2023, with founder Li Xiang saying the company invests more than 6 billion yuan ($859 million) annually in AI models, computing power and infrastructure.

Xpeng’s push into AI comes as China’s auto sector — the world’s largest — remains locked in a prolonged price war that has pressured margins. At the Guangzhou event, He unveiled four updated vehicle models, highlighting new software-driven features such as 3D navigation, advanced hazard alerts beyond the driver’s line of sight, and upgraded autonomous driving systems.

He said Xpeng is continuing to hire aggressively and invest in autonomous driving and humanoid robotics built around its proprietary AI capabilities. The company plans to begin mass production of humanoid robots in the second half of 2026 and will start street trials of robotaxis “very soon.”

Xpeng reported a net loss of 380 million yuan in the third quarter. He has previously said he expects the company to break even by the end of 2025.

Pony.ai Shares Fall 12% in Hong Kong Debut as Autonomous Rivals WeRide Also Slide

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China’s leading autonomous driving startup Pony.ai saw its shares drop more than 12% on Thursday in its Hong Kong debut, while rival WeRide fell nearly 13%, reflecting investor caution toward the fast-evolving self-driving sector.

Pony.ai raised HK$6.71 billion (about $860 million) and WeRide HK$2.39 billion through their initial public offerings, both of which come as Chinese tech firms increasingly seek dual listings in Hong Kong amid geopolitical uncertainty and stricter U.S. regulations.

Both Guangzhou-based firms are investing heavily in Level 4 autonomous driving — vehicles that can operate without human intervention under specific conditions. Pony.ai CEO James Peng said proceeds would help expand autonomous parking and charging infrastructure, while WeRide’s CEO Tony Xu Han said funds would support AI development and data center expansion.

The companies have already launched robotaxi services in several Chinese cities and plan to expand to new regions including the Middle East, Europe, and Singapore, though full regulatory approvals remain pending.

The listings come at a delicate time for Chinese tech firms facing mounting U.S. restrictions. A new rule effectively bans Chinese technology in connected vehicles, complicating Pony.ai and WeRide’s ambitions to partner with Uber for robotaxi operations in the U.S.

“The dual listings are about risk mitigation,” said Tu Le, managing director at Sino Auto Insights. “They acknowledge it will take significant capital — and a market outside the U.S. — for these firms to succeed.”

The weak debut mirrored declines in New York, where WeRide shares dropped 5.2% and Pony.ai fell 2% the previous day. Still, analysts said the Hong Kong listings will help both companies secure Asia-based funding and reinforce the city’s growing image as a tech hub.

Bolt CEO urges EU to prioritize self-driving tech to compete with U.S. and China

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Europe must invest far more aggressively in autonomous vehicle technology if it wants to remain competitive against the United States and China, according to Markus Villig, CEO of Estonian ride-hailing and food delivery company Bolt.

Speaking to journalists on Friday, Villig said the European Union’s heavy focus on electric vehicles (EVs) risks sidelining what he called the “core technology of the next decade” — self-driving systems.

“There’s so much attention on EVs, but we’ve lost the plot on autonomous driving,” Villig said, warning that the technology gap between Europe and its global rivals is widening fast.

U.S. firms like Alphabet’s Waymo and Tesla, as well as Chinese players such as Baidu, WeRide, and Pony.ai, are leading the autonomous driving race. Waymo is preparing to launch autonomous ride-hailing services in London next year, highlighting Europe’s reliance on foreign technologies.

Villig said that the EU should treat autonomous mobility as a strategic technology, not just an industrial one, with implications for security and digital sovereignty. While the bloc is spending tens of billions of euros on EV subsidies and supply chains, he argued that comparable funding for self-driving development is virtually absent.

He proposed that the EU support domestic startups through subsidies and exclusive operating licences for robotaxis in certain cities, to help local firms gain scale before foreign competitors dominate the market.

Villig was scheduled to meet EU technology chief Henna Virkkunen later on Friday to discuss Europe’s role in the next generation of transport innovation.