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Brazil Central Bank Tightens Cryptocurrency Rules to Curb Fraud and Illicit Payments

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Brazil’s central bank has issued long-awaited regulations for virtual assets and cryptocurrencies, introducing stricter controls aimed at preventing money laundering, fraud, and terrorism financing.

The new framework, which takes effect in February 2026, extends traditional financial-sector safeguards to virtual-asset service providers (VASPs), including brokers, distributors, and exchanges operating in the country.

“New rules will reduce the scope for scams, fraud, and the use of virtual asset markets for money laundering,” said Gilneu Vivan, the bank’s director of regulation, during a press conference in Brasília.

Brazil, Latin America’s largest economy, approved its first legal framework for cryptocurrencies in 2022, but the rollout had been delayed pending regulatory guidance from the central bank. Authorities conducted four public consultations before finalizing the new rules.

Under the regulations, all virtual-asset transactions pegged to fiat currencies — such as the U.S. dollar or the Brazilian real — will be classified as foreign exchange operations. This also applies to international payments or transfers using cryptocurrencies, including those settled via cards or electronic platforms.

Central bank governor Gabriel Galipolo has voiced concerns over the rapid growth of stablecoins, which he said are increasingly being used as informal payment tools, often to bypass tax and oversight systems.

The new framework also mandates stronger governance, transparency, and internal control standards, as well as customer protection and compliance obligations for all crypto-related firms.

Analysts view the move as a major step in Brazil’s effort to bring digital asset markets under tighter regulatory supervision, as crypto adoption continues to expand across Latin America.

G20 watchdog warns of “significant gaps” in global crypto regulation amid market surge

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The Financial Stability Board (FSB), the G20’s top financial risk regulator, has warned that major gaps persist in global cryptocurrency regulation, raising concerns that unchecked growth in digital asset markets could pose risks to financial stability.

In its review published Thursday, the FSB said that while progress has been made since its 2023 recommendations, regulatory frameworks remain “fragmented, inconsistent, and insufficient” to address the cross-border nature of crypto markets. The watchdog found that financial stability risks from crypto are limited for now, but are rising sharply as the global crypto market has doubled to $4 trillion over the past year, driven by surging bitcoin prices and a wave of new investors.

“These crypto assets can move across borders very easily, much more easily than other financial assets,” said John Schindler, the FSB’s secretary general, calling for stronger global cooperation.

One of the key weaknesses identified was the lack of clear and comprehensive rules for stablecoins, digital tokens typically pegged to the U.S. dollar. The market for stablecoins has grown by nearly 75% over the past year, reaching $290 billion, yet few countries have introduced complete regulatory frameworks.

The report examined 29 jurisdictions — including the U.S., EU, Hong Kong, and the UK — but noted uneven implementation and limited coordination, especially with countries such as El Salvador, which did not participate despite being home to Tether, the world’s largest stablecoin.

The FSB urged governments to accelerate rule-making and improve cross-border cooperation, warning that non-aligned jurisdictions could create regulatory blind spots. “Even if countries have their own rules, crypto companies operating offshore can still affect their markets,” Schindler said.

The warning follows recent market turbulence, including the largest crypto crash in history last week that triggered nearly $20 billion in liquidations, reviving fears of contagion risks.

Bank of England to lift stablecoin limits only once risks to financial stability subside

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The Bank of England (BoE) will maintain its proposed limits on stablecoin holdings until it is certain that the digital assets pose no risk to the broader financial system, Deputy Governor Sarah Breeden said on Wednesday.

In a speech, Breeden emphasized that the central bank’s cautious approach stems from concerns that large and sudden outflows of bank deposits into stablecoins could destabilize traditional lending. “Such outflows could lead to a precipitous drop in credit for businesses and households,” she warned, if banks are unable to replace lost deposits quickly through wholesale funding.

The BoE has previously suggested caps of between £10,000 and £20,000 ($12,800–$25,600) for individuals, with higher thresholds for businesses. The final levels will be detailed in a consultation paper next month, which will outline the UK’s future stablecoin regulatory framework.

Breeden said the caps would be lifted “once we see that the transition no longer threatens the provision of finance to the real economy.” Large corporations, however, may be exempt so they can hold higher amounts if necessary.

Under the UK’s proposed framework, the BoE would oversee systemic sterling-backed stablecoins — those expected to play a major role in payments — while the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) would regulate smaller issuers. The BoE is also working with the Treasury on a resolution regime to ensure continuity of services if a stablecoin issuer fails.

Breeden rejected criticism that the UK is lagging in crypto regulation, noting that Britain aims to finalise its framework next year, aligning its timeline with the United States.