Analysis of Charged Particle Movement in the Heliosphere Over the Solar Cycle
Researchers have uncovered significant variations in the movement of charged particles across the heliosphere, focusing on an 11-year period marked by the solar cycle. By studying data collected from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) aboard the International Space Station, they have tracked how fluctuations in the heliospheric magnetic field influence the behavior of these particles. The data reveals key insights into the effects of solar modulation on cosmic rays, highlighting how shifts in the solar environment affect particle interactions and movement throughout the solar system.
Heliospheric Magnetic Field and Its Effect on Charged Particles
Two groundbreaking studies, published in Physical Review Letters, detail how changes in the heliospheric magnetic field shape the trajectory and energy of charged particles. These particles, which include both solar wind particles and galactic cosmic rays (GCRs), originate from different sources but are affected similarly by the magnetic field. The AMS’s long-term measurements have enabled scientists to track shifts in the mass and energy of these particles, shedding light on their response to the varying levels of solar activity during the solar cycle.
Antiproton and Cosmic Nuclei Flux Variations
The research highlights the observed fluctuations in the flux of antiprotons and cosmic nuclei within the heliosphere. Specifically, the study found that antiproton fluxes experience temporal variations, which change in response to different heliospheric conditions. These fluctuations are particularly noticeable in particles with rigidities up to around 10 GV, where they show substantial shifts. At higher rigidity levels, however, these fluctuations tend to decrease. In addition to antiprotons, cosmic nuclei such as helium, lithium, beryllium, boron, and heavier elements were also studied, showing similar trends in flux variations, providing a more comprehensive understanding of cosmic ray modulation.
Solar Modulation and Its Role in Cosmic Ray Variability
The data further establishes a clear connection between solar modulation and the variability of cosmic ray fluxes. As the solar cycle progresses, the intensity of solar wind and its magnetic field fluctuations influence the cosmic rays traveling through the heliosphere. The AMS’s ability to monitor these changes over an extended period has provided new insights into the way solar activity impacts both the local and galactic environment, offering a unique perspective on how the solar cycle shapes the behavior of particles within our solar system.
