Unraveling the Crisis: Sudan’s Conflict, Humanitarian Catastrophe, and Global Implications

The ongoing conflict in Sudan, which began in April 2023, has spiraled into a devastating humanitarian crisis, particularly in Darfur, where famine has taken hold. Triggered by a power struggle between the Sudanese army and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF), the violence has led to the world’s largest internal displacement crisis, with over 10 million people forced from their homes. The conflict erupted following tensions between General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, head of the army, and General Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo, leader of the RSF, over an internationally backed plan for a transition to civilian rule. The RSF, with its stronghold in Darfur, quickly became a formidable force, while the army has struggled to maintain control despite its superior resources. Both sides have been accused of war crimes, including ethnic violence and indiscriminate attacks on civilians. The conflict has also drawn in foreign powers, complicating efforts to reach a ceasefire. As the war rages on, fears of Sudan’s fragmentation grow, threatening the stability of the broader region. Meanwhile, humanitarian aid remains scarce, further exacerbating the suffering of millions.