Big Tech’s AI Investment Surge Stirs Investor Concerns Over Profitability

Big technology companies like Microsoft, Meta, and Alphabet are ramping up investments in AI infrastructure, sparking concerns on Wall Street over the returns on these large expenditures. As they aim to meet growing demand for AI applications, Microsoft and Meta revealed on Wednesday that their capital expenses are rising due to increased spending on AI infrastructure, with Alphabet also reporting sustained high expenditures earlier in the week. Amazon is expected to follow a similar path, set to report results on Thursday.

These AI investments are eating into the companies’ high margins, making profitability a key concern among investors. On Thursday, shares in these companies fell, reflecting investor anxiety about balancing long-term AI development costs with the need for short-term financial performance. Despite surpassing revenue and profit expectations for the July-September quarter, Meta’s stock dropped by more than 3%, while Microsoft fell 6%, and Amazon saw a 3% decline as well.

Analysts highlight the high costs associated with operating AI technology and expanding capacity. Beatriz Valle of GlobalData remarked, “It’s costly to run AI technology. Getting capacity is expensive.” This fierce competition for AI infrastructure could mean delayed returns on these investments. Microsoft’s quarterly capital expenses now exceed its full-year spending from just three years ago, while Meta’s quarterly spending aligns with its entire annual budget from 2017. Microsoft announced a 5.3% rise in capital spending, totaling $20 billion, and anticipates further spending increases in the coming quarters as it pursues its AI goals.

However, Microsoft also warned of potential slowdowns in growth for its cloud service, Azure, due to limitations in data center capacity, adding pressure to investor concerns. Analyst Gil Luria at D.A. Davidson pointed out the potential for a prolonged margin impact, noting that heavy investment years like this one could reduce margins by a percentage point for up to six years.

Capacity constraints are also affecting the broader tech industry, with chipmakers like Nvidia and AMD struggling to meet surging AI chip demand. AMD recently indicated that supply will likely remain tight into next year, further limiting cloud providers’ ability to expand AI capacity. Despite these challenges, Meta and Microsoft are doubling down on AI’s long-term potential, comparing today’s AI investments to the early days of cloud technology development.

Meta’s CEO Mark Zuckerberg emphasized that while building infrastructure may not satisfy short-term investor expectations, the potential rewards justify continued investment. He stated on Wednesday’s earnings call, “We’re going to continue investing significantly in this.”