Ongoing research aboard the International Space Station (ISS) is playing a crucial role in advancing lunar exploration, with several experiments contributing to the development of technologies that will support future Moon missions. Recent findings from these experiments are enhancing key areas such as space weather, navigation, and radiation-resistant computing. Firefly Aerospace’s successful landing of its Blue Ghost Mission-1 on the Moon on March 2, 2025, highlighted these advancements, as it carried three experiments directly influenced by research conducted on the ISS. These experiments include the Lunar Environment Heliospheric X-ray Imager (LEXI), the Radiation Tolerant Computer System (RadPC), and the Lunar Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Receiver Experiment (LuGRE). The results of these investigations are expected to improve the resilience of technologies and enhance navigation systems for future lunar missions.
One of the key experiments aboard Blue Ghost, LEXI, is designed to provide insights into space weather, a critical factor in the long-term sustainability of lunar infrastructure. LEXI’s primary function is to study Earth’s magnetosphere and its interaction with solar wind. The instrument, which operates similarly to the Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) aboard the ISS, has been calibrated using the same X-ray star. By analyzing X-rays emitted from Earth’s upper atmosphere, LEXI will help scientists better understand space weather and its potential effects on spacecraft and lunar habitats. The data gathered will be essential in developing strategies to protect future lunar infrastructure from the harmful effects of radiation and solar activity.
Another important technology tested as part of the Blue Ghost mission is the Radiation Tolerant Computer System (RadPC). This experiment is focused on assessing the ability of computers to withstand radiation-induced faults, which is a major challenge for long-duration space missions. The RadPC system was initially tested aboard the ISS, where a specialized algorithm was developed to detect and address hardware failures caused by radiation. The system is designed to identify faulty components within a computer and repair them autonomously. This technology will be vital for the development of robust computing systems capable of operating in the harsh environments of deep space, ensuring the success of lunar missions and future exploration beyond the Moon.
The Lunar Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Receiver Experiment (LuGRE) also carried aboard Blue Ghost is focused on advancing lunar navigation systems. Unlike Earth-based GPS, lunar navigation requires specialized technology to provide accurate positioning on the Moon’s surface. The LuGRE experiment will test the feasibility of using GNSS signals for lunar navigation, which could significantly enhance the precision and efficiency of future lunar missions. As lunar exploration expands, the ability to navigate accurately and reliably will be crucial for the success of both robotic and human missions to the Moon.
In summary, the scientific research conducted aboard the ISS is proving to be invaluable in shaping the future of lunar exploration. Through the Blue Ghost Mission-1, technologies related to space weather understanding, radiation-resistant computing, and advanced navigation systems are being tested on the Moon for the first time. The results from these experiments will contribute to the development of more resilient and efficient technologies, paving the way for successful and sustainable lunar missions in the years to come.
