Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) reached a key milestone in its human spaceflight ambitions with the beginning of assembly for the Human-Rated Launch Vehicle Mark-3 (HLVM3). The assembly process started at the Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC) with the stacking of the nozzle-end segment of the S200 solid rocket motor. This marks the official launch of the Gaganyaan-G1 campaign, ISRO’s first uncrewed mission as part of the Gaganyaan human spaceflight programme. Notably, this development coincides with the tenth anniversary of the LVM3-X/CARE mission, which was carried out on the same date in 2014.
The HLVM3 is an upgraded version of the LVM3 rocket, designed specifically to support human spaceflight. Standing at 53 meters tall and weighing in at 640 tonnes, the rocket is capable of carrying up to 10 tonnes to low Earth orbit. This new design features significant modifications to accommodate human spaceflight, including a crew escape system (CES) that will allow for the safe ejection of the Crew Module in case of an anomaly during ascent. These enhancements are crucial for ensuring the safety of astronauts and the success of future crewed missions.
Currently, the assembly process is underway, with the S200 motors being stacked and the L110 liquid stage and C32 cryogenic stage ready for integration at the launch complex. Meanwhile, the integration of the Crew Module is being handled at the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC), and preparations for the Service Module are taking place at the U.R. Rao Satellite Centre (URSC). This coordination across multiple ISRO centers highlights the collaborative effort required to successfully launch the Gaganyaan mission.
The Gaganyaan mission marks a significant leap for India’s space exploration capabilities, moving the nation closer to its goal of sending humans into space. With the successful assembly of the HLVM3 and the continued progress in the preparation of the Crew and Service Modules, ISRO is setting the stage for a historic human spaceflight. This project not only strengthens India’s presence in the global space community but also fosters technological advancements that will benefit various sectors on Earth.