In its ongoing conflict with Russia, Ukraine has amassed an unprecedented resource: a trove of over 2 million hours of drone footage that is now being utilized to train artificial intelligence (AI) systems for battlefield decision-making. This immense dataset offers potential advancements in combat tactics, target identification, and weapon system analysis, highlighting the increasing role of AI in modern warfare.
Oleksandr Dmitriev, the founder of OCHI, a Ukrainian non-profit organization, explained that his system centralizes and analyzes video feeds from more than 15,000 frontline drone crews. Originally developed in 2022 to provide military commanders with real-time battlefield overviews, OCHI has since evolved into a repository of valuable combat data. According to Dmitriev, “This is food for the AI: If you want to teach an AI, you give it 2 million hours (of video), it will become something supernatural.”
The footage enables AI models to learn how to identify targets, evaluate combat strategies, and optimize weapon trajectories. Dmitriev likened this process to transforming human battlefield experience into mathematical models. On average, the OCHI system collects five to six terabytes of new drone footage daily, further enriching the dataset.
Experts agree on the significance of this data pool. Samuel Bendett, a senior fellow at the U.S.-based Center for a New American Security, emphasized the importance of training AI systems to distinguish between various battlefield elements such as roads, natural obstacles, and ambush sites. Meanwhile, Kateryna Bondar from the Wadhwani AI Center stressed that the dataset’s size and image quality are crucial for enabling AI models to recognize targets based on shapes and colors accurately.
In addition to OCHI, Ukraine’s Ministry of Defense has developed another AI-driven system called Avengers. While specific details about Avengers remain classified, the ministry previously revealed that it uses AI tools to identify up to 12,000 Russian military assets weekly.
AI is also being integrated into other military technologies in Ukraine. Thousands of drones are already operating autonomously, executing missions without human pilots. Ukrainian developers are exploring drone swarms—interlinked systems of drones capable of coordinated operations under a unified command. AI is further assisting in demining efforts to clear war-torn territories.
Russia, too, has been leveraging AI on the battlefield. Notably, its Lancet strike drones use AI for target recognition, demonstrating lethal effectiveness against Ukrainian armored vehicles.
With foreign allies showing interest in Ukraine’s AI capabilities, Dmitriev’s OCHI system exemplifies how technological innovation is reshaping the dynamics of modern warfare.